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Identification of milk and collagenous binders used in colour layers in art works
Kofroňová, Pavla ; Hrdličková Kučková, Štěpánka (advisor) ; Čapek Adamec, Martin (referee)
The task of this diploma thesis was to investigate the influence of inorganic pigments on the identification of casein oil and animal glue tempera by mass spectrometry MALDI- -TOF MS (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation - Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry). First, it was necessary to prepare a set of model colour layers containing casein and animal glue tempera together with ten inorganic pigments. Consequently, the method of peptide mass fingerprinting was used to obtain mass spectra of the samples. Finally, it was possible to compare and determine the characteristic peptide fragments for both proteinaceous binders and find pigments that most affected the identification of casein and rabbit glue temperas. The obtained values of m/z casein oil tempera and animal glue tempera were used to improve and complete reference database of protein binders that is used to identify protein binders in works of art at the Institute of Chemical Technology in Prague.
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Analysis of natural organic dyes and pigments by mass spectrometry
Stýblová, Marie ; Hrdličková Kučková, Štěpánka (advisor) ; Čapek Adamec, Martin (referee)
This thesis named "Analysis of natural organic dyes and pigments by mass spectrometry" investigates the identification of selected natural organic dyes and pigments by qualitative Laser Desorption/Ionisation - Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry analysis (LDI-TOF MS). The advantage of LDI-TOF MS method is its quick and reliable identification of low molecular weight material without preparatory chemical or time-consuming modification of samples. This method can be used for the analysis of works of art or for verifying their authenticity thanks to requiring only a little amount of sample. The LDI-TOF MS was tested on 19 organic dyes and pigments (e.g. alizarin, apigenin, baicalein, flavone, xanthone, tannic acid), four exemplarily prepared lakes (alizarin, purpurin, chrysin a quercetin lakes) and lakes mixed with organic binding media. The method was also successfully applied to two samples of blue color that were taken from Josef Čapek's painting called 'Procházka' (The Walk), that was dating back to 1936.
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Study of collagenous binders used in art objects
Suková, Tereza ; Hrdličková Kučková, Štěpánka (advisor) ; Čapek Adamec, Martin (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis was to find information about collagenous binders that are used in artworks and to divide them into the groups due to their applicability. The second aim was to find their proteinaceous composition and search the individual proteins in the publicly available database. Consequently the proteins were cleaved "in silico" using a special software and the molecular masses of their tryptic peptides were determined. The next aim was to analyse reference collagenous binders by the method of peptide mass mapping and, finally, compare the experimentally obtained peptides with those obtained by special software. Proteins contained in collagenous materials (different types of collagens and elastin) were found in Expasy database. The sequences of these proteins were cleaved in mMass program, where the peptides with the known aminoacid sequences and molecular weight (m/z) were obtained. The experimentally found values of m/z were gained by analyses of different types of animal glues (hide, bone and rabbit glue, gelatine and fish glue). The analyses include enzymatic cleavage of the collagenous materials by trypsin, purification of the obtained peptides on reverse phase Zip Tip and measuring of their m/z values using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. By comparing of experimentally and...
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Preparation of cochenial carmine
Helceletová, Zuzana ; Čapek Adamec, Martin (referee) ; Hrdličková Kučková, Štěpánka (advisor)
The aim of this study was to prepare a red organic pigment named cochineal carmine. The pigment was made out of dried insect called Coccus cacti using historical recipe. Next goal was to detect carminic acid by infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform (FTIR) in dried bodies of the mentioned insect, then in the pigment prepared from it and in the pigment that was prepared using extract called carminum rubrum. The other results of this work were the comprehension of the origin and preparation of carmine pigment and the identification of carminic acid in both prepared pigments.
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Iris green
Menclová, Kateřina ; Crhová, Michaela (referee) ; Hrdličková Kučková, Štěpánka (advisor)
The goal of this thesis was to summarize available information about natural green organic dyes. This specific group of dyes is not too deep by itself; therefore other groups of natural dyes with a description of their chemical structures, natural resources and historical utilization, were also added. The work is aimed for preparation of organic dye that is called iridaceous green according to medieval recipes. This green dye was prepared from blue iris blows and than white linen was dyed by the plant extract. The dye together with the linen serve as a reference samples for future identification of natural organic dyes.
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Headscarf blue
Holečková, Michaela ; Vermachová, Martina (referee) ; Hrdličková Kučková, Štěpánka (advisor)
The aim of this work was to prepare and dye a cloth by a cornflower blue due to recipe from the 15th century. Introductory section summarizes the theoretical knowledge about plant dyes and dyeing plants, including the studied cornflower. In the experimental section the "headscarves" blue was obtained and a white cloth was successfully dyed by this blue. A test for confirmation of the presence of anthocyanine dyes contained in cornflowers was also performed. The dyed cloth will serve to expand the collection of reference samples that will be used for identification of natural organic dyes in the future.
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Golden shaffron paint
Stýblová, Marie ; Kodíček, Milan (referee) ; Hrdličková Kučková, Štěpánka (advisor)
The aim of this thesis was to prepare three golden saffron varnishes due to medieval recipes, to assess their quality and color intensity. The prepared golden varnishes also served as a model samples to study resineous substances using gas chromatography in another diploma thesis. This work also deals with the history of usage of saffron (Crocus sativus) in artworks, medicine and gastronomy. It deals with its origin, cultivation and the main coloring substances, which are contained in pistils and stigmas, as well as their chemical stucture and biosynthesis. In this paper is shown, that the saffron is a very interesting plant, which produces the unmistakable aroma and taste, currently used in various fields, and even industial production. However, the preparation of dyes for painting and restoration purposes, it is almost negligible compared to the past.
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Iron gall ink
Zemanová, Hana ; Hynek, Radovan (referee) ; Hrdličková Kučková, Štěpánka (advisor)
This work is focused on history and preparation of gall-nut ink - the most common agens of writing for more than eight centuries. This thesis contains information about each component of the ink and explains the reason why it was added to the ink. The work also explains the chemical principles, that are responsible for the formation of the pigment and for the behaviour of the mixture when it is applied on the substrate and exposed to atmospheric oxygen. Experimental part of this work focuses on practical preparation of two gall-nut inks by medieval recipes and their quality tests.
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