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Design and evaluation of process equipment damaged by degradation mechanisms
Cablková, Zuzana ; Naď, Martin (referee) ; Lošák, Pavel (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is aimed at the evaluation of selected degradation mechanisms which occurs in process equipment. The assessment is undoubtedly important in terms of safety and prediction of residual life. This issue is demonstrated by two mechanisms described in this thesis. A phenomenon called creep is the first of these mechanisms and appears in environments with elevated temperature. The theoretical part of the thesis covers the basic principles of the creep mechanism and its effect on the material. A marginal but not negligible problem is the occurrence of this damage in welded joints. Many standards deal with the prediction and assessment of creep. Part of this thesis is the mapping and to some extent a comparison of several selected procedures. The second degradation mechanism is related to the presence of aggressive compounds such as sulfide. This can lead to hydrogen embrittlement, blisters, and many other damages. As with creep, an overview of standards devoted to the design, evaluation, or maintenance of equipment used in this way is created for these mechanisms. The content of the practical part of this thesis is the calculation of the evaluation of such a device by using the procedures of the API 579-1 standard.
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Evaluation of Smap3D software as a tool for design of evaporation system
Odstrčil, Marek ; Naď, Martin (referee) ; Vondra, Marek (advisor)
The main goal of the master thesis is an evaluation of a software package Smap 3D Plant Design in design of evaporation technology, specifically 3D of the pipeline network and its subsequent documentation. The thesis describes evaporation technology in general, then the evaporator testing site in Laboratory of Energy Intensive Processes in NETME Centre is presented, where pipeline network needs to be designed. In the next part a reference 3D model was created as well as a documentation using SolidWorks routing. Subsequently, an equivalent 3D model was created using Smap 3D Plant Design – Piping and a documentation was created using Smap 3D Plant Design – Isometric. Finally, these two methods of creating pipeline were compared to each other, and recommended method was chosen.
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Photobioreactor aeration optimization using image analysis
Hruška, Kryštof ; Létal, Tomáš (referee) ; Naď, Martin (advisor)
This diploma thesis summarizes the knowledge about microalgae, their use, cultivation methods and obstacles that prevent their wider use. In the practical part of the work, a device was designed, constructed, and programmed. This device can analyze the bubbles of the tubular photobioreactor and, based on the obtained data, control its aeration. The Python programming language was used to create the program and the OpenCV library was used to analyze the photographs. The bubble detection is based on the edge detection and the subsequent refinement. The data obtained from the analysis are displayed on the device screen and the data are also stored in a csv file. The discussion lists possible improvements and lessons learned during the creation of this device.
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Influence of deposits on algae growth in a tubular photobioreactor
Vajaýová, Veronika ; Lošák, Pavel (referee) ; Naď, Martin (advisor)
The content of the theoretical part of this bachelor thesis is a description of the tubular pho-tobioreactors, comparison of the individual types of the cultivation devices, the fundamental parameters influencing the efficiency of biomass production, and problems of formation of deposits on the inner surface of the photobioreactor. The attention is focused on the effect of sediment formation on the growth of microalgae in the tubular photobioreactor. Since the sediments affect the resulting light intensity in the suspension in the tubes, this phenomenon is reflected in the overall cultivation efficiency and the biomass yield. The practical part presents the course of measurements performed in the vertical tubular photobioreactor designed for flue gas cleaning using the microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidos Chick (IPPAS C2). The aim was to solve the problem of foaming, which subsequently caused deposits in the system's tubes or other parts. To this end, two measures were tested: • the mechanical one in the form of a wire mesh, • the chemical one using sunflower oil. The measured values were the basis for determining the effect of deposits on light intensity and also served to evaluate the functionality of the tested measures.
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Konstrukční návrh zařízení pro transport vaječných skořápek při výrobě potravinových doplňků
Uhlíř, David ; Naď, Martin (referee) ; Pernica, Marek (advisor)
Eggshells contain a number of important components that can be extracted from them, so they are considered as a promising raw material for further processing. This bachelor thesis deals with ensuring proper transport device for transporting eggshells.The goal of this work is to search for suitable device for transport and to choose the most suitable solution. The appropriate selection is followed by a calculation part, which is made in the programming language Python, and according to which the individual components of the conveyor are selected. The entire device is then modeled in SolidWorks along with the associated assembly drawing documentation.
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Control of algal bioreactors
Rek, David ; Naď, Martin (referee) ; Máša, Vítězslav (advisor)
The bachelor’s thesis discusses the matter of cultivation of microalgae in an artificially altered environment – bioreactor. The aim of the thesis is to determine and present the factors influencing the growth of microalgae and to find means of automated regulation of such factors. Nowadays, the majority of bioreactors are laboratory ones and are mostly being operated manually. The recent increase in demand for this technology results in many pilot-plant tests with a wide variety of microalgae. Tests such as these will be required to be automated to serve properly in future research. The thesis is based on professional literature and articles. The first part is to familiarize the reader with the wide number of potential applications of microalgae technology in various fields, such as the food industry, water treatment or separation of CO2 from ambient air or waste gas. The next segment presents the factors influencing the growth of microalgae and lastly the system of required equipment and sensors for automated operation is described. The bachelor’s thesis summarizes the important information necessary for the construction and unattended operation of microalgae bioreactor with respect to maximalization of productivity.
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Advanced Methods for Damage Evaluation of Boiler Tube Bundles
Naď, Martin ; Odstrčil, Miloslav (referee) ; Jůza, Zdeněk (referee) ; Jegla, Zdeněk (advisor)
This thesis is focused on the application of advanced methods for evaluating damage to boiler tubes, specifically temperature related damage. The aim of this work is to develop an improved damage evaluation procedure utilizing capabilities of modern approaches. This work describes various types of industrial boiler damage. The main focus is on the most exposed and often the most damaged parts of boilers, which are tube bundles (for example, superheaters). Equipment damage is undesirable and often leads to leakages or even to the boiler shutting down. Therefore, it is necessary to find the problem as soon as possible and make the required changes to prevent further damage. The damage types are divided into five categories based on the damage mechanism. Temperature has one of the biggest influences on damage and it may cause short-term or long-term overheating in the tube bundles. This type of damage occurs when the designated temperature is exceeded and results in reduced creep life. It is necessary to know the real surface temperature history of the tube bundle to estimate temperature related damage, however this is often not available. Therefore, it is necessary to calculate those temperatures based on the available data (i.e. inlet and outlet temperatures and pressures). This is real challenge due to the combination of complex flows of the working substances (mainly flue gasses) and heat transfer. Considering available data, new approach is proposed in order to obtain information required for residual creep life estimation. In the first step, thermal – hydraulic calculation is performed followed by a thermal load estimation of a superheater tube bundle in a natural gas fired boiler, using CFD simulations. In the next step, the surface temperature is evaluated and used to determine the temperature related damage, specifically the creep life estimation. The life expectancy is in some ways influenced by imperfections, and therefore at the end of this thesis the influence of the oxide layer on the inner side of tube and fouling on outer side of tube is described.
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Comprehensive design of mini cheese factory
Kamarád, Miroslav ; Naď, Martin (referee) ; Lošák, Pavel (advisor)
Food industry occupies a prominent place in branch of process engineering. From design process equipment point of view, great emphasis is placed on hygienic requirements, accuracy, reliability and above all safety. The diploma thesis is focused on comprihensive design of milk heating technology for cheese production with high-temperature curd. The diploma thesis describes technological and constructional design of technology. The diploma thesis also contains basic design of measurement and regulation.
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Design of modifications of steam drum design for increased pressure
Vince, Tomáš ; Vincour, Dušan (referee) ; Naď, Martin (advisor)
This bachelor´s thesis deals with control and design strength calculation of a steam drum of an industrial boiler for combustion of the air and amonia mixture. Brief introduction to steam boilers is performed at the beginning of thesis, followed by more detailed description of a nitrid acid plant steam boiler located in chemical company DUSLO a. s. Steam drum calculated in this thesis is part of the mentioned boiler. Importance and different functions of steam drum are subsequently explained and control strength calculation according to CSN EN 13445 is performed using computing software Virtual Vessel Design. Calculation results are compared with results according to old german code AD Merkblatt, which was originally used for strength calculation of the steam drum in question.
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