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Analysis of Behavioural Profiles of Iterative Verbs in Latin
Hrach, Petr ; Pultrová, Lucie (advisor) ; Friedová, Mirjam (referee)
This thesis deals with the group of Latin iterative verbs, i.e. the group that is formally marked with the iterative suffix -t. It deals with the question what was the actual meaning of the iterative suffix -t in classical Latin as reference literature says that in some cases the meaning of iterative verbs in classical Latin was the same as that of the base verb and there are iterative verbs whose base verbs are not attested at all. Also, only iterative verbs often passed into Romance languages. Another question this thesis deals with is the relationship of iterative verbs as a group set off on the basis of the category of aktionsart as it is understood in the Czech linguistic tradition and the categories that are generally referred to as aspect (grammatical aspect, lexical aspect). In this case, the selected method is a corpus-based quantitative method called the "behavioural profiles". In our case, the corpus is limited to selected prosaic works of the classical Latin period of approximately the 1st century b.C. to the 1st century AD. In its first part, the analysis is based on studying the occurrences of selected iterative verb - base verb pairs in the above mentioned corpus, especially focused on the frequency of occurrence, valence and classification of predicates into Vendler's classes,...
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The Competition of the Dative and the ad + Accusative Construction in Expressing the Addressee in Latin
Knotková, Nela ; Pultrová, Lucie (advisor) ; Mouchová, Bohumila (referee)
The present thesis is concerned with the issue of competition between prepositional expression ad + accusative and unsupported dative case construction in Latin, and on the possible explanations of their usage in expressing the semantic role of the Addressee. Initially, the thesis discusses the wider context of the subject, namely general relation between the case and prepositional system in diachronic perspective, focusing on changes occurring in the spoken variety of Latin and the causes of this phenomenon. Afterwards the thesis presents J. M. Baños' view on the usage of ad + acc. and dative in expressing the Addressee in Classical Latin texts, and a criticism of some of his questionable statements. The last part analyses these expressions based on the occurrences of verbs mittere and scribere excerpted from the chosen corpus (the letters of Cicero and Pliny the Younger), and applies the findings to specify the questionable parts of Baños' interpretation.
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Pragmatic Analysis of Vocative in Latin
Ctibor, Michal ; Pultrová, Lucie (advisor) ; Muchnová, Dagmar (referee)
The thesis presents several so far unnoticed functions of (not only) Latin vocative. It argues against previous believes that vocative is used either for addresses, calls and summons, evaluation of addressee and emphasis, or is otherwise only conventional, polite, and thus lacking any real function. Firstly, the author describes vocative from the Speech Act Theory view-point and offers definitions of speech acts call and address. In chapters 3 and 4, he pays attention to vocatives so far considered as lacking function. Relying on the analysis mostly of Cicero's speeches and old Roman comedies, he presents two crucial functions of vocative in non-initial position in a text: 1) vocative as a mean of cohesion which helps to make the organization of the text more transparent and which emphasizes the structure of the text; 2) vocative of assurance/guarantee. In chapter 5, several minor functions of vocative are mentioned (mostly of pragmatic character): triumphal vocative, vocative as a disgrace and vocative as a parody. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Apolonios Dyskolos and his Treatise On pronouns. Introduction and Translation of the Part of Text with Commentary.
Hřibal, Jan ; Muchnová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Pultrová, Lucie (referee)
The introductory study presents overall Apollonius Dyscolus, the most significant ancient greek grammarian. It deals with his person, important technical issues of his work, and particularly with his grammar study, focusing on fundamental grammar classifications and thougt structure. The introductory study is accopanied by the translation of a few introductory chapters (GG II,1,1,3.1-17.17) of Apollonius' treatise Περὶ ἀντωνυμίας (Peri antonymias, On Pronouns), and by scholarly commentary to the translation.
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Greek lexicography in antiquity
Vaněk, Adam ; Muchnová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Pultrová, Lucie (referee)
This thesis analyses the scheme of Ancient Greek lexicographic works. Each dictionary is classed into groups by shared word comment method, and by the type of vocabulary. Each group of works contains, if they were preserved, samples and analyses of the method of commentation which is typical for that particular group, author, or time of creation. The influence of the ancient works on later Byzantine lexicographic tradition is briefly mentioned, as well as which later works are origins for reconstruction of lost dictionaries. The table of known lexicographers and their works with references has been added to the thesis.
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The Intuitions of the Comparative Method
Bičovský, Jan ; Vavroušek, Petr (advisor) ; Kurzová, Helena (referee) ; Pultrová, Lucie (referee)
The thesis aims to identify and explain the weak - the "blind" spots of the Comparative Method and Internal Reconstruction as they are used in the traditional historical linguistics, the prime example of which is Indo-European linguistics. As in language, even in science the best explanation may be the historical one - here the development of the method is followed briefly from the pre-scientific era up to late structuralism and the state-of-the- art of the 3rd millennium. It appears clear that the methods are based mostly on the same intuitions that serve the speaker to acquire any language and are prone to have biases that are useful for speakers but tend to ignore certain solutions that are counter-intuitive. The original aim of the methods was quite different from what it is now - and the debate still continues as to whether the proto-language is anything more than a formula, a short- hand for sets of correspondences or whether it is a real language which we may perhaps describe in the same manner, though with less certainty, than any living language. The formulaist language is abstract and from the point of historical linguistics (see bellow) not a language at all and provides no interesting explanation of how the languages came to be different beyond providing a means of encoding and decoding...
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The Saturnian verse
Vaníková, Martina ; Kuťáková, Eva (referee) ; Pultrová, Lucie (advisor)
The first part is the summary of recent research which includes the summary of basic problems concerning the Saturnian verse and attempts at their solution. It discusses the issue of the interpretation of antique messages, preserved primary materials and the origin of the Saturnian. At length it deals with the metric structure of the Saturnian - systematically summarizes the existing theories (quantitative, accentual and other notions - isosyllabic, syncretic, and others) and tries to comprehend its principals and shortcomings. The following part focuses on the Czech verse, its principals and especially the problems with translating quantitative hexameter into the Czech language. It addresses the Czech quantitative, accentual and mixed, syllabic hexameter. The key part is a schematic analysis of individual literary Saturnian verses; verses from eposes Odusia by Livius Andronicus and Bellum Poenicum by Gnaeus Naevius, "exemplary Saturnian verse" Malum dabunt Metelli Naevio poetae and Naevius' epitaph. The analysis of the each verse consists of quantitative and accentual schemes and resulting metric scheme. The research is based firstly on the presumption that Livius Andronicus (during the translation of Odyssey into Latin) could have attempted to retain the rhythmic scheme of the original (Greek hexameter)...
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Osthoff's law and vowel shortening in Ancient Greek
Bakyta, Ján ; Pultrová, Lucie (referee) ; Muchnová, Dagmar (advisor)
Osthoff's Law which has been formulated by Hermann Osthoff as a rule explaining the alternation of the long and short vowels (diphtongs) in some Ancient Greek pardigmata in a better way than the assumption of an old ablaut does is investigated in the present study by considering the possibilities of econstruction and the alternatives of historical development of the paradigmata in which is the Osthoffian vowel shortening usually supposed. r * The results are e. g. that Greek nouns in - have used the generalized full grade suffix -- in original inflection, that the desinence of the accusative plural of -stems -ans can be derived immediately from the Indo-European *-ah2ns and that the desinence of Indo-European thematic instrumental plural was *-oh1is. The general conclusion reached is that there is no need to postulate the former operation of Osthoff's Law in any of the considered morphological issues. The Law, in consequence, is loosing his utility at least in the field of Greek historical morphology.
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Verbal aspect in ancient Greek
Vařeková, Jarmila ; Pultrová, Lucie (referee) ; Muchnová, Dagmar (advisor)
V této práci jsem načrtla hlavní body a problémy slovesné kategorie vidu, její realizace a jejích funkcí ve starořečtině. Vycházela jsem z definice kategorie vidu, jak ji podúvá obecná lingvistika, nikoliv primárně z klasicko-filologického přístupu. Domnívám se, že tento přístup může být přínosný pro gramatiku starořečtiny, neboť dovoluje nahlížet jazykové jevy z nového úhlu pohledu. Vidový systém ve starořečtině má rysy společné se současnými neslovanskými indoevropskými jazyky i rysy společné se specifickým vidovým systémem slovanským. Stejně jako např. v angličtině či francouzštině se ve starořečtině vidová opozice imperfektivní : perfektivní realizuje v indikativu pouze na úrovni minulého času (opozice indikativních forem imperfekta a aoristu). Vidová opozice se však uplatňuje i v modálních a nominálních formách slovesa. podobně jako ve slovanských jazycích. Vid v řečtině totiž nevyjadřují samotné slovesné tvary (jako v angličtině a francouzštině), ale slovesné kmeny (prézentní, aoristový. perfekta). Ve slovanštině tak vid pronikl hlouběji do slovesného systému, slovesa vytvářejí vidové dvojice a v indikativu je vid uplatňován nejen na úrovni minulého času, ale i na úrovni času budoucího. Řecké futurum je narozdíl od slovanského vidově neutrální. V kapitole 2.5.3. jsme se podrobněji zabývali...
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