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Smart heuristics and what further?
Heller, Daniel
The author presents the work of Gerd Gigerenzer, Peter M. Todd and members of ABC research group who published the book Simple heuristics that make us smart where they explore fast and frugal heuristics, simple rules for making decisions with realistic mental resources. They enable smart choices to be made quickly and with a minimum of information.
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Cognition 2006
Vobořil, Dalibor ; Šikl, Radovan ; Špok, Dalibor ; Lukavský, Jiří ; Heller, Daniel
Professionals interested in the topic of human mind and working in different fields of science had the opportunity to meet at the “Cognition 2006” conference. Interdisciplinary understanding and openness of the language used was stressed in an interdisciplinary dialogue lead from the positions of psychology, philosophy, medical sciences, artificial intelligence, linguistics, cultural anthropology and other sciences.
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Verbal reports and protocol analysis
Heller, Daniel
The author deals with problems of verbal reports in psychological research. Today, the concurrent and retrospective verbal reports are considered to be the main source of data about cognitive processes of subject. They became the standard research method also in many fields of applied psychology. Thinking aloud is distinguished from verbal explanation of particular steps of problem solving. Effects of verbalization, problem of completeness of verbal reports, inferences from verbal data, Ericsson's and Simon's model of verbalization, methods and techniques of protocol analysis are dealt with. Verbal reports are rich source of data that can be combined effectively with other data and can be of great value for acquiring knowledge about more than cognitive processes and structures. Practical recommendations for gaining different types of verbal reports under standard conditions are presented that can be analysed by the means of protocol analysis.
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Masculinity and femininity in history of psychology
Heller, Daniel
In historical psychological study the author deals with masculinity and femininity in history of psychology since ancient times, through middle ages and modern time till the present times. He analyses the gender of concepts like psyché, anima, eros, thanatos, life and death in the history of European philosophical and psychological thinking, including the differences among European languages. He presents the examples of pictures of men and women in teaching of psychologists, psychological schools, movements, and systems.
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Českomoravská psychologická společnost na prahu dvacátého prvního století
Heller, Daniel
The author characterises the Czech-Moravian Psychological Association (Česko-moravská psychologická společnost - ČMPS) and its contemporary activities. He deals with membership categories, with international contacts of the Association, with the informational and counselling service of the Association, and especially with the main spheres of activity of the Association. He gives an overview of divisions and working groups of the Czech-Moravian Psychological Association. He mentions briefly the relation of research and practice, application fields, respectively. He introduces the brief history of the Association and the important personalities of the Czech psychology. Information concerning the psychological training is presented. The problems of regulations of psychological activities and the connected code of ethics for psychologists are emphasised. In the conclusion, psychological journals published in the Czech Republic including the Newsletter of ČMPS (published since 1990) and contacts to Czech-Moravian Psychological Association and its representatives are presented.
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Stručné dějiny kvalitativního výzkumu v psychologii
Heller, Daniel
The author deals with qualitative research in psychology in broad and narrow sense.As examples of the first concept, he introduces the spiritual psychology of W. Dilthey and E. Spranger, psychoanalysis, and further important psychological schools of the twentieth century. As examples of the second concept, he points to the works of N. K. Denzin, Y. S. Lincoln, N. Hayes, J. T. E. Richardson, M. Hammersley, etc. He deals with historical psychological background of qualitative research and with the qualitative research as a figure on this background. He analyses step by step the seven component meanings of the qualitative vs. quantitative divide according Hammersley(1992) and Hayes (1997) and illustrates them all by examples. Further, he characterises the latest history of qualitative research in psychology during last ten years emphasising the important role of British psychology. In the conclusion, he personally supports the methodological pluralism in psychological study of human experience and behaviour.
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Roots and Psychology
Heller, Daniel
The author searches for the sources and "roots" of metaphoric use of concepts of root, roots, and rooting-out in our cultural and civilisation circle and he finds then in the texts of Old Testament, existing in the written form longer than two and half thousand years, and transmitted in the oral tradition probably longer than three thousand years. Formulations supported by evidence that can considered a part of historical folk psychology are compared to contemporary psychological theories and approaches.
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Some perspectives of qualitative research: software for analysing qualitative data
Heller, Daniel
The author deals with problems of choosing and using software for analysing qualitative data. He mentions the hopes, fears and fantasies connected with new technologies, the ways of using computers in qualitative research, and the reasons for using software for analysing qualitative data. He presents the types of software for analysing qualitative data including some examples. He sums up the recommendations for using software in qualitative research. In the conclusion, the author asks the question of the impact of software on qualitative research and brings some examples in this field.
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