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The Carpentier's vision of the America
Růžková, Lenka ; Fousek, Michal (referee) ; Housková, Anna (advisor)
In my thesis, I focused on the concept of Latin American culture in novels and essays by Alejo Carpentier. At the beginning, the transculturation process in America (particularly in the Caribbean) is outlined together with the impact of cultural mixing on the author himself. In the essays, I mainly followed motifs of American specificity, including the concept of time, spatial dimension of a relatively recently discovered continent, social and religious contexts, in which I covered the diversity of ethnic types and their position in society, reflection of music, concept of literature and particularly the question of a Baroque quality, which can be found in Latin American art and permeates entire Latin American reality. Approach to different aspects is integrated in a passage on the concept of "the marvelous real" and in a chapter dedicated to art. I tried to connect Carpentier's theoretical contemplations from the collections of essays Tientos y diferencias (The Groping and Differences) and Razón de ser (The Reason of Being) with the poetics of his prose on the material of the novels The Lost Steps and Praised Be the Lord! (Ecué-Yamba-Ó). In conclusion, I summarized Carpentier's overall vision of America and particularly its confrontation with Europe and pointed out the importance of a distance which is...
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Magic realism and baroque literature
Urfus, Ondřej ; Sánchez Fernández, Juan Antonio (referee) ; Housková, Anna (advisor)
The thesis is focused on comparison of the Magic realism with the Baroque. Common characteristics were analyzed in following literary works: the baroque play by Pedro Calderón de la Barca (1600-1681) Life is a dream (La vida es sueo) and the novel The President (El Segor Presidente) by a Nobel Price-winning Guatemalan writer, representative of Magic realism, Miguel Ángel Asturias (1899-1974). The analysis was accomplished by using the transhistorical method which allows to interconnect two trends from different time periods and sociological aspects. Suffering, distress, insecurity and neverending armed conflicts characterise the Baroque period. Beginning of dictatorship, insecurity and persecution of indigenous population create a background of the magic realism in Latin America. In the formal expressions and content we can find following Baroque features in the Magic Realism: important contrasts (opposition of darkness and light, space and exuberance, barbarian manner and mercy), animalization of characters, theatralisation of Calderon`s theatre (théâtre dans le théâtre); syncretism, lots of metamorphs and allegory, oxymorons and important textual sonority. Asturias`s novel sometimes changes into a poetic prose and therefore it is approaching Calderon's literary expression. Additional irony in Asturias`s...
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The concept of space in the literary work of Jorge Luis Borges and Adolfo Bioy Casares
Tobiašová, Veronika ; Sánchez Fernández, Juan Antonio (referee) ; Housková, Anna (advisor)
This thesis, entitled "The Concept of Space in the Literary Work of Jorge Luis Borges and Adolfo Bioy Casares", presents the concept of space in the literary work of Borges and Bioy Casares, in particular in the short stories "The House of Asterion" and "The 69 Circular Ruins", and the novel The Invention of Morel. The study is based on theoretical works on the concept of space. Its main focus are the literary archetypes that appear in the works in question, and the ways in which the lines between the real and the fictitious fade away. It presents the vision of the world of both writers. The first part of this work is based on Daniela Hodrová's theory of secular and sacred places and it analyzes the process of the "profanization of the sacred" in the works in question. The places originally dedicated to God lack in both authors a sacred character. Both writers convert literary space of their works into a place of artistic creation. Both the magician of "The Circular Ruins" and Morel of Bioy's novel make an attemp to imitate the demiurgic act. As far as Hodrová's analysis of house and prison is concerned, both writers create a house-prison hybrid; the places which are closed in a way (the museum, the maze), become the representation of the world where the character (Asterion, the narrator of The Invention of...
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The jungles's image in the novel The vortex of J. E. Rivera
Zatlkajová, Katarína ; Housková, Anna (referee) ; Vydrová, Hedvika (advisor)
The main topic of the dissertation was to study the different forms of expression of the jungle in the novel The Vortex. First of all, the novel was incorporated into the history of literature as regional novel. Afterwards we analysed the moments of author's life that have some influence in The Vortex, specifically when he went to jungle, as one of the Committee, that had to establish the border line between Colombia and Venezuela. It was done the analysis of the novel, focusing on: frame narrative, narrators, structure, themes and finally characters. The frame of the novel is a card sent to a minister by J. E. Rivera. The novel is divided in three parts however we concentrate our attention only in the second and the third one because they take place in the jungle. There are various narrators although the main one is Arturo Cova, who is a poet, and Clemente Silvas voice has an important role too. The main themes are the romantic story, death, violence and journey, that is a line going through the whole novel and has different types: wandering, searching, etc. The importance of death and violence is unified with the jungle's influence. Lastly, we studied the images of the jungle. On the one hand, the jungle is the background where the story is developing; on the other hand, we can observe the jungle's...
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The adoption of positivism in Mexico after the year 1867
Mašková, Kateřina ; Housková, Anna (advisor) ; Forbelský, Josef (referee) ; Opatrný, Josef (referee)
Pozitivismus byl jedním z posledních pokusů o vytvoření uzavřeného, všeobsahujícího a koherentního filosofického systému; systému, činícího si nárok na univerzálnost. Položil základy filosofii přírodních (ale i některých společenských) věd. Především vytvoření sociologie je zakladatelským činem Augusta Comta. Jeho základními prvky jsou agnosticismus, dynamický pohled na realitu, hierarchická konstrukce systému věd, vrcholící sociologií a omezení pozornosti jen na "poznávatelné". Všechny tyto rysy souvisely s konkrétními společenskými změnami konce 18. a počátku 19. století. Pozitivismus byl programovým vyjádřením potřeb nové sociální skupiny - nositelky modernity - která se objevila v centru historického dění v průběhu VFBR - buržoazie. Vliv francouzského pozitivismu začal rokem 1826, kdy Comte poprvé vystoupil při veřejné přednášce, zhruba v 70. letech 19. stol. byl překonán pozitivismem anglickým, v jehož liberálním rámci původní Comtova filosofie změnila svůj despotický charakter. Od poloviny 19. století byl pozitivismus ve svých dvou hlavních variantách, kromě marxismu, nejvlivnějším filosofickým systémem 19. století, jak v Evropě, tak na americkém kotinentu, ale krátce po roce 1900 utrpěl celou sérii porážek a téměř ztratil vliv. Tato práce se zabývá tzv. první fází pozitivismu, tedy obdobím od 30. let...
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Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca: travel and change (Naufragios)
Marešová, Jaroslava ; Vydrová, Hedvika (advisor) ; Housková, Anna (referee)
The book known nowadays as Naufragios by Álvar Núez Cabeza de Vaca is one of the most important testimonies about the discovery and conquest of the New World. The first half of the 16th century saw many exploration and conquest travels in which thousands of sailors, explorers, conquerors and soldiers had to face the reality of the just discovered continent. It is really interesting to see how those who wrote about this event experienced it. Naufragios has always been read as a source of historical and anthropological information, but it has been also studied for the literature elements which we can find in it. In my thesis, I tried to look at the work in its complexity: see the literature influences in it and find those elements that we could call literature elements, but also I wanted to focus on the unusual experience of the author and look into the testimony of his experience with the American reality and see how this experience changed him. My thesis begins with a historical introduction which I consider very important to situate the work in its context. I tried to explain the events which led to the discovery of the New World and also the reaction of the Old World to the discovered one. After this general introduction my work continues with analysis of the first literature that treated the reality of...
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Magic realism and baroque literature
Urfus, Ondřej ; Housková, Anna (advisor) ; Sánchez Fernández, Juan Antonio (referee)
The thesis is focused on comparison of the Magic realism with the Baroque. Common characteristics were analyzed in following literary works: the baroque play by Pedro Calderón de la Barca (1600-1681) Life is a dream (La vida es sueo) and the novel The President (El Segor Presidente) by a Nobel Price-winning Guatemalan writer, representative of Magic realism, Miguel Ángel Asturias (1899-1974). The analysis was accomplished by using the transhistorical method which allows to interconnect two trends from different time periods and sociological aspects. Suffering, distress, insecurity and neverending armed conflicts characterise the Baroque period. Beginning of dictatorship, insecurity and persecution of indigenous population create a background of the magic realism in Latin America. In the formal expressions and content we can find following Baroque features in the Magic Realism: important contrasts (opposition of darkness and light, space and exuberance, barbarian manner and mercy), animalization of characters, theatralisation of Calderon`s theatre (théâtre dans le théâtre); syncretism, lots of metamorphs and allegory, oxymorons and important textual sonority. Asturias`s novel sometimes changes into a poetic prose and therefore it is approaching Calderon's literary expression. Additional irony in Asturias`s...
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The motif of solitude in the works of Octavio Paz and Ernesto Sabato
Rusnoková, Kamila ; Sánchez Fernández, Juan Antonio (referee) ; Housková, Anna (advisor)
This study deals with the theme of solitude in the collection of essays entitled 'The Labyrinth of Solitude' by Octavio Paz and in the novel 'The Tunnel' by Ernesto Sabato. After an introductory chapter, which introduces the word 'solitude' from an etymological and semantic point of view, this thesis addresses the concept of solitude in general i.e. how this concept is understood in psychology and, last but not least, in philosophy. As the topic of this thesis is the motif of solitude in literary works the occurence of this theme throughout the history of literature will also be mentioned. The next crucial part of the thesis focuses on the analysis of the two selected works. The first one is the previously mentioned collection of essays 'The Labyrinth of Solitude'. The analysis of the individual essays, in the order in which they occur in the second edition published in 1959, represents the most extensive part of the present thesis. With the topic of the thesis in mind, the theme of solitude is emphasized, as it appears in all of the essays, although it is expressed on various semantic levels. The conclusion of this part is a summary, which aims to elucidate the starting points of Octavio Paz and facilitates the overall understanding of his work. In the following part of the thesis, the second selected work...
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The poetics of Álvaro Mutis (Resena de los Hospitales de Ultramar)
Moučková, Lucie ; Vydrová, Hedvika (referee) ; Housková, Anna (advisor)
In this theses, La poética de Álvaro Mutis (Resena de los Hospitales de Ultramar), we're trying to show the exuberant poetry of the Colombian writer Alvaro Mutis, basically composed by the contrast of refined language and images representing people and nature in decadent status. The first chapter is more theoretical and we dedicate it to decisive events in Mutis's life, in order to give a complete view of his literary production. We continue by mentioning some, mostly European authors, works and literary and philosophical streams, which had significant influence on Mutis's writting and his perception of the world. We also comment the instrument used by the poet to formulate his fears and worries, his lyrical voice: the adventurer Maqroll el Gaviero. The second chapter is dedicated to the Mutis' poetic work. We have divided it into two main streams that differ in motives and lyrical voices. The first group presents Maqroll's figure, consisting of mess, hopelessness and decadence and we can find this orientation in poem books such as Los elementos de desastre, La Resena de los Hospitales de Ultramar, Caravansary and some poems from Los emisarios. In the second group of books, the lyrical subject is identified with traditional, theocratic and monarchist view of the universe. There is mystical and musical...
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António Lobo Antunes: extent of a novel
Špánková, Silvie ; Vydrová, Hedvika (advisor) ; Housková, Anna (referee) ; Burianová, Zuzana (referee)
Antonio Lobo Antunes (1942) is not only a writer who, in a very personal way, depicts contemporary Portuguese society: he is also an artist who cares about the aesthetic value of his works refining permanently his tools in view of transforming the art of the novel. We decided thus to reflect on the creative process in Lobo Antunes' works giving a more accurate definition of their generic features. The writer himself opened a way for us to reflect, having entitled some of his works by an explicit generic or parageneric reference: An Explanation of the Birds (1981), Act of the Damned (1985), Treatise of the sours Passions (1990), The Inquisitors' Manual (1996) and Don't Go So Fast Into That Dark Night (2000), referred to as a poem. The starting point and the basic methodological tool of our analyses is Genette's theory of the paratext and the so-called generic modulation, which is based on genre theories developed by J. M. Schaeffer, Aguiar e Silva, Fowler, Genette and Reis. These tools allow us to explore not only the semantic link between a title (or a generic indication) and a literary text, but also the signs of the architextual, generic and discoursive layers. The aim of the thesis is to demonstrate how Lobo Antunes, in different moments of his literary career, worked out his processes, how different...
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