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Lightning-Related Electromagnetic Wave Phenomena in the Earth's Magnetosphere
Záhlava, Jan ; Němec, František (advisor)
Title: Lightning-Related Electromagnetic Wave Phenomena in the Earth's Magnetosphere Author: Jan Záhlava Department: Department of Surface and Plasma Physics Supervisor: doc. RNDr. František Němec, PhD., Department of Surface and Plasma Physics Abstract: The thesis focuses on lightning-related electromagnetic wave phenomena observed by spacecraft in the Earth's inner magnetosphere. Two different approaches are used to identify the frequency and spatial extent where lightning generated emissions significantly contribute to the overall wave intensity. First, whistler detections onboard the DEMETER spacecraft are used to sort the measurements according to the whistler activity. Second, we use a geographic distribution of lightning activity and analyze a dependence of the overall wave intensity on geomagnetic longitude. We show that, especially during the night, the overall wave intensity observed in the plasmasphere is well correlated with lightning activity. The other focus of the study is on special electromagnetic wave events consisting of alternating frequency bands of enhanced and reduced wave intensity formed in the ionosphere due to lightning. We analyze their occurrence and parameters, and we suggest a possible mechanism of their formation. Keywords: lightning, waves in plasma, whistlers, plasmasphere
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Multipoint observations of magnetospheric wave phenomena
Bezděková, Barbora ; Němec, František (advisor) ; Grison, Benjamin (referee) ; Shklyar, David R. (referee)
Electromagnetic wave phenomena represent a crucial factor during the forma- tion of the Earth's magnetosphere, as they are responsible for the energy trans- fer in the collisionless plasma medium. Multipoint observations of such wave phenomena are particularly useful to distinguish between spatial and temporal intensity variations. Moreover, an approximate event spatial extent and prop- agation directions can be determined. The thesis is focused on the statistical study of conjugate observations of wave phenomena called quasiperiodic (QP) emissions observed by the Van Allen Probes spacecraft and ground-based Kan- nuslehto station. Altogether, 26 simultaneously observed events were analyzed. This approach is unique in the sense that most such analyses up to date were only case studies. The thesis further presents the analysis of the dependence of properties of another wave phenomena, called magnetospheric line radiation (MLR), on the geomagnetic activity indices and solar wind parameters. Geomag- netic activity effects on the event characteristics are revealed. Finally, the effect of interplanetary shocks on the overall very low frequency (VLF) wave intensity measured by the DEMETER spacecraft is studied.
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Wave phenomena around Mars observed by the MAVEN spacecraft
Ševčíková, Klára ; Němec, František (advisor) ; Pitňa, Alexander (referee)
This thesis deals with processing wave data obtained by the LPW instrument onboard the MAVEN satellite spanning a time frame from 10/2014 to 10/2018. We look for an evidence of lightning existence on Mars. We assume that while an electromagnetic pulse originally generated during a lightning stroke would have a form of a vertical intense line in the frequency-time spectrogram, the subsequent dispersion during the propagation through the plasma medium would lead to a formation of a characteristic shape of so-called whistler. We further use the data obtained by the LPW instrument and by the magnetometer MAG to analyze electromagnetic wave environment in the near-Mars space. We study the intensity of electric and magnetic eld uctuations as a function of the position, frequency, solar activity, and Sun-Mars distance. Multicomponent measurements performed by the MAG instrument allow us to carry out a detailed wave analysis of selected events, i.e., to determine the polarity and propagation directions of the observed emissions. We show that all the selected events have common characteristics. 1
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Lightning-Related Electromagnetic Wave Phenomena in the Earth's Magnetosphere
Záhlava, Jan ; Němec, František (advisor)
Title: Lightning-Related Electromagnetic Wave Phenomena in the Earth's Magnetosphere Author: Jan Záhlava Department: Department of Surface and Plasma Physics Supervisor: doc. RNDr. František Němec, PhD., Department of Surface and Plasma Physics Abstract: The thesis focuses on lightning-related electromagnetic wave phenomena observed by spacecraft in the Earth's inner magnetosphere. Two different approaches are used to identify the frequency and spatial extent where lightning generated emissions significantly contribute to the overall wave intensity. First, whistler detections onboard the DEMETER spacecraft are used to sort the measurements according to the whistler activity. Second, we use a geographic distribution of lightning activity and analyze a dependence of the overall wave intensity on geomagnetic longitude. We show that, especially during the night, the overall wave intensity observed in the plasmasphere is well correlated with lightning activity. The other focus of the study is on special electromagnetic wave events consisting of alternating frequency bands of enhanced and reduced wave intensity formed in the ionosphere due to lightning. We analyze their occurrence and parameters, and we suggest a possible mechanism of their formation. Keywords: lightning, waves in plasma, whistlers, plasmasphere
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Lightning-Related Electromagnetic Wave Phenomena in the Earth's Magnetosphere
Záhlava, Jan ; Němec, František (advisor) ; Chum, Jaroslav (referee) ; Manninen, Jyrki (referee)
Title: Lightning-Related Electromagnetic Wave Phenomena in the Earth's Magnetosphere Author: Jan Záhlava Department: Department of Surface and Plasma Physics Supervisor: doc. RNDr. František Němec, PhD., Department of Surface and Plasma Physics Abstract: The thesis focuses on lightning-related electromagnetic wave phenomena observed by spacecraft in the Earth's inner magnetosphere. Two different approaches are used to identify the frequency and spatial extent where lightning generated emissions significantly contribute to the overall wave intensity. First, whistler detections onboard the DEMETER spacecraft are used to sort the measurements according to the whistler activity. Second, we use a geographic distribution of lightning activity and analyze a dependence of the overall wave intensity on geomagnetic longitude. We show that, especially during the night, the overall wave intensity observed in the plasmasphere is well correlated with lightning activity. The other focus of the study is on special electromagnetic wave events consisting of alternating frequency bands of enhanced and reduced wave intensity formed in the ionosphere due to lightning. We analyze their occurrence and parameters, and we suggest a possible mechanism of their formation. Keywords: lightning, waves in plasma, whistlers, plasmasphere
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Empirical modeling of the location of the Earth's magnetopause
Machková, Anna ; Němec, František (advisor) ; Grygorov, Kostiantyn (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on suggesting possible improvements of the existing models of the magnetopause stand-off distance, i.e., on identification of the parameters which are not properly (or not at all) included. Magnetopause is a border between the terrestrial and interplanetary magnetic fields, where the pressure of the Earth's magnetic field balances the solar wind dynamic pressure. In order to analyze the parameters, which have an influence on the magnetopause radial distance, we perform a systematic study of an existing database of 16800 magnetopause crossings registered by 8 different satellites. We focus on the effect of the topology of the terrestrial magnetic field, which is not perfectly dipolar, and whose values close to the subsolar point exhibit significant diurnal and annual variations. Another analyzed phenomenon is the magnetospheric ring current and its influence on the magnetic field strength near the magnetopause. Possible changes of this magnetic field have a direct influence on the magnetopause distance from the Earth. Attention is also devoted to the potentially different positions of the magnetopause at the times of fast and slow solar wind. Finally, we discuss complications related to the satellite orbits and the resulting uneven spatial distribution of the used data set.
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Possible natural emissions detected by the Mars Express spacecraft
Podgorný, Jakub ; Němec, František (advisor) ; Pitňa, Alexander (referee)
The presented thesis deals with detections of natural emissions by the MAR- SIS instrument on the Mars Express spacecraft. Frequency and time delay data of the radar intensities measured by this instrument ("ionograms") are analysed. We identify specific regions of these ionograms that do not correspond to any intensity increases related to the radar sounding of the Martian ionosphere. Within these intervals we select ionograms with a possible detection of light- ning emissions based on a predefined threshold criterion. These ionograms are then juxtaposed with relevant information on dust storms in the Martian at- mosphere. We further perform a detailed analysis of the dependence of mean ionogram intensities from all ionograms on relevant parameters. After the eli- mination of the principal dependence on the spacecraft altitude, we study long- term effects, such as the dependence on the solar longitude Ls, the solar zenith angle, the magnitude of crustal magnetic fields, and the F10.7 parameter. 1
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Selected Wave Phenomena in the Earth's Magnetosphere
Bezděková, Barbora ; Němec, František (advisor) ; Macúšová, Eva (referee)
Electromagnetic waves are crucial for energy transfer in the nearly collision- less plasma of the Earth's inner magnetosphere. The waves in the frequency range 1-8 kHz whose visualisation in the form of frequency-time spectrograms reveals a harmonic frequency modulation of the wave intensity are called magnetospheric line radiation (MLR). Waves characterized by a nearly periodic time modulation of the wave intensity observed at frequencies between about 0.5 and 4 kHz are called quasiperiodic (QP) emissions. Although both types of the events were re- peatedly observed by ground-based instruments and low-altitude satellites, their origin remains still unclear. Between 2004 and 2010 these wave events were me- asured by the DEMETER spacecraft (almost Sun-synchronous orbit, altitude of about 700 km). This thesis presents a systematic study of the properties of the observed events, a comparison of the observations by the spacecraft and ground- based instruments, and an investigation of a relation to solar wind parameters.
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Whistler waves observed by the DEMETER spacecraft
Záhlava, Jan ; Němec, František (advisor) ; Macúšová, Eva (referee)
Although lightning-generated whistlers have been studied for nearly a century, there are still questions to be answered. It is clear that, at least in a certain frequency range, these waves significantly contribute to the overall wave intensity in the inner magnetosphere. They also influence distribution functions of energetic particles in the Van Allen radiation belts. Thanks to the on-board implemented neural network for automated whistler detection, we can relate electromagnetic wave and energetic particle flux measurements performed by the low-altitude DEMETER spacecraft with the number and dispersion of whistlers detected during a certain time interval. We distinguish the cases with high and low whistler occurrence and we use this information to determine the overall effect of lightning-generated whistlers. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Frequencies of attenuation in the power spectra observed by the DEMETER spacecraft
Záhlava, Jan ; Němec, František (advisor) ; Sochorová, Zuzana (referee)
Předmětem bakalářské práce je analýza zvláštních efekt· pozorovaných ve frekvenčně-časových spektrogramech změřených družicí DEMETER v pásmu velmi nízkých frekvencí. Jedná se o periodické utlumení frekvenční závislosti elektrické intenzity, které se spojitě mění v čase. Při detailním zkoumání se ukazuje, že jsou tyto útlumové události tvořeny z hvizd· pocházejících z bleskových emisí. Porovnání závislosti doby trvání útlumových událostí na geomagnetické délce s délkovou závislostí četnosti výskytu blesk· ukazuje, že jsou útlumové události posunuty oproti blesk·m přibližně o 30◦ západním směrem. Podařilo se nám vysvětlit tento posun a vytvořit jednoduchý model možného formování útlumových událostí založený na módové teorii šíření vln ve vlnovodu. 1
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