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Influence of Residual Stress on Lifetime Prediction of Polymer Pipelines
Poduška, Jan ; Nezbedová, Eva (referee) ; Malíková, Lucie (referee) ; Hutař, Pavel (advisor)
The lifetime of plastic pipes for water supply and other applications is demanded to exceed at least 50 years. Such a long lifetime is difficult to prove by standard testing methods like the hydrostatic pres-sure test. However, it is possible to calculate an estimation of the lifetime, as the most frequently oc-curring mechanism of failure of plastic pipes is the creep crack propagation and subsequent failure. The method is based on describing the crack propagation by parameters of the linear-elastic fracture mechanics. An important part of this method is a finite element simulation of crack propagation in a pipe loaded by various types of loads. Residual stress, a side product of solidification after extrusion, is one of these loads. This thesis begins with an introductory part and literature review of the relevant topics – most of all the typical material properties of the pipe materials, mechanisms of failure, methods of residual stress determination suitable for plastic pipes and their results, methods of testing the materials and calculating lifetime. After the introduction, the problems to be solved are defined. The description of the residual stress state in the wall of various plastic pipes is the main topic. Both tangential (hoop) and axial residual stress in pipes of different dimensions and materials are determined using a combination of experiments and numerical simulations. Also, a simplified method of tangential residual stress is designed that can provide a sufficiently precise description of the tangential resid-ual stress state and is not difficult to carry out. A method to include the residual stress in the lifetime calculations and its influence on the lifetime is also dealt with. Apart from residual stress, the influence of soil loads in case of a buried pipe is studied. The residual stress can also influence the experimental determination of crack growth rate. If the CRB (cracked round bar) test is used to measure the crack growth rate, the crack can propagate asymmetrically due to the presence of residual stress in the specimens, which affects the results. Based on a finite element simulation of crack propagation in a CRB specimen, the severity of the influence is assessed.
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Fracture tests of selected specimens with special aggregates: experiments and numerical simulation
Majda, Tomáš ; Malíková, Lucie (referee) ; Keršner, Zbyněk (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with selected fracture tests and evaluation of fracture parameters of cement-based composite. One part of the thesis deals with cement-based composite with glass spherical aggregate of a single fraction of 2 mm. After production, the beams with dimensions of 20×40×200mm exposed to temperatures in the range from 100 to 1000 °C for one hour. Using the non-destructive ultrasonic pulse method, the degree of damage caused by termal load was determined. Selected specimen with central edge notch were then tested in three-point bending and fragments after these tests were tested in compression. In the second part, attention was paid to the evaluation of fracture tests conducted on specimen from drill-cores taken from selected objects located at the former Transgas Gas Control Center in Prague. The specimen were provided with a chevron notch before being tested in three-point bending. The measured data was modified by the GTDiPS program and in the case of the glass composite the StiCrack program was used to evaluate fracture parameters.
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DISPLACEMENT FIELD ANALYSIS IN WEDGE SPLITTING TEST\nSPECIMEN BY ODM METHOD
Seitl, S. ; Miarka, P. ; Růžička, V. ; Malíková, Lucie ; Merta, I.
Multi-parameter fracture mechanics is nowadays quite extensively applied when cracked\nstructures/specimens are investigated. The reason is that it has been shown that it can be\nhelpful and bring more accurate results when fracture processes happen in a larger\nregion around the crack tip, what can be typical for material like concrete or other\nmaterials with quasi-brittle behaviour. Various relative crack length configurations have\nbeen chosen in order to investigate the importance of the higher-order terms of the\nWilliams power expansion on the crack-tip stress field distribution in Wedge splitting\ntest specimen. The higher-order terms are calculated by means of the over-deterministic\nmethod from displacements of nodes around the crack tip obtained by a finite element\nanalysis in different radial distances from the crack tip. The effect of the constraint level\nis investigated. Although the third and higher terms of the Williams series are very often\nneglected, their influence on the opening stress values is investigated.
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Application of the Williams expansion near a bi-material interface
Malíková, Lucie ; Seitl, Stanislav
A simplified model of a crack approaching a bi-material interface is modelled by means of the finite element method in order to investigate the significance of the higher-order terms of the Williams expansion for the proper approximation of the opening crack-tip stress near the bi-material interface. The discussion on results is presented and the importance of the higher-order terms proved.
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Comparison of calibration functions for short edge cracks under selected loads
Seitl, Stanislav ; Miarka, Petr ; Malíková, Lucie ; Krejsa, M.
Attention to the fatigue cracks in steel structures and bridges has been paid for long time. In spite to efforts to eliminate the creation and propagation of fatigue cracks throughout the designed service life, cracks are still revealed during inspections. Note, that depending on location of initial crack, the crack may propagate from the edge or from the surface. The theoretical model of fatigue crack progression is based on linear fracture mechanics. Steel specimens are subjected to various load (tension, three- and four-point bending, pure bending etc.). The calibration functions for short edge cracks are compared for various load and the discrepancies are discussed.
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Basic features of aggregate-matrix-interface fracture of concrete: pilot modelling
Vyhlídal, M. ; Šimonová, H. ; Veselý, V. ; Keršner, Z. ; Klusák, Jan ; Malíková, Lucie
In this paper, the attention is paid to investigation of the importance of the Interfacial Transition Zone (ITZ) in concrete for the global fracture behaviour. A simplified cracked geometry (consisting matrix, ITZ and aggregate) is modelled by means of the finite element method with a crack terminating at the matrix-ITZ interface. Numerical studies assuming two various ITZ thicknesses and several various ITZ elastic moduli are performed. Based on the values of the opening stress ahead of the crack tip (its average value and stress range) a few conclusions are discussed. The pilot analyses dealing with the effect of ITZ on the stress distribution should contribute to better description of toughening mechanisms in silicate-based composites.
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Assessment of Crack Stability in a Quasi-brittle Particle Composite
Malíková, Lucie ; Klusák, Jan ; Keršner, Z.
Fracture behaviour of a crack in a particle (silicate based) composite is studied. The crack propagation depends not only on mutual elastic mismatch of matrix and aggregate but also the influence of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between the matrix and the aggregate is discussed. Various combinations of materials and geometry of matrix, aggregate and ITZ can improve or degrade fracture properties of the composite. Extensive numerical simulations on a basic 3-point-bending cracked specimen via the finite element method are performed in order to analyze the stress field near the crack tip. Linear elastic fracture mechanics approach is utilized in order to assess the crack stability and summarize several conclusions.
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Fracture of selected building composites in the vicinity of aggregate-matrix-interface
Vyhlídal, Michal ; Malíková, Lucie (referee) ; Keršner, Zbyněk (advisor)
The interface between aggregate grains and matrix in cementitious composites is their weakest element. The topic is particularly significant in the case of high performance and high strength concrete technology for which the eliminination or reduction of these weak links are necessary. The aim of this thesis is to determine the influence of the interface on the fracture behaviour of the cementitious composites. The fracture experiments were performed for this purpose and were complemented by the nanoindentation’s results and scanning electron microscopy results. Numerical model was created in ANSYS software on the basis of these data and the fracture toughness values of the interface were evaluated by means of the generalized fracture mechanics principles. Conclusion of the thesis is proof that the interface properties have a significant influence on the fracture behaviour of cementitious composites.
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Crack path calculation using linear elastic fracture mechanics
Bónová, Kateřina ; Malíková, Lucie (referee) ; Eliáš, Jan (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the different possible calculations of crack path. Specifically, it focuses on criteria based on maximum tangential stress, minimal strain energy density, crack tip displacement, and local symmetry. These criteria are used for calculations in ANSYS software to estimate possible crack paths on four simple structures. The thesis also contains the codes created in ANSYS. Using these, the crack trajectory of a given structure can be calculated by any of the four criteria described.
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