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Crisis of international liquidity and disintegration of Bretton-Woods monetary system
Sekerešová, Zuzana ; Durčáková, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Čermáková, Daniela (referee)
The thesis analyses the main reasons that caused disintegration of Bretton-Woods international monetary system. The United States played a significant role within this system whose long-range deficit of the balance of payments weakened the position of US dollar like major world currency and thereby the stability of entire system. By cancelling of the direct convertibility of the US dollar to gold in 1971 was broken one of the basic principles of Bretton-Woods system what meant its ultimate end. Another important factor participating in crash of that monetary system is crisis of international liquidity. The problem of insufficient international liquidity was developed by slow tempo of growth of foreign exchange reserves in relation to international trade. The shortage of foreign exchange reserves menaced continuity of international system of payments and thereby development of world trade. Despite the hastened solution of the problem of liquidity by emission of new reserve unit SDR it was impossible to avert the collapse of Bretton-Woods system.
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Relations among balance of payments, exchange rate and foreign reserves
Daňhel, Tomáš ; Durčáková, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Kunz, Tomáš (referee)
The bachelor thesis is focused on the relations among the balance of payments, exchange rate and foreign reserves in period from 1999 to 2009 in the Czech Republic. The first part presents the theory behind the balance of payments, exchange rates and foreign reserves. The analysis of each variable was performed by using both graphical interpretation and regression analysis. The time-series consisted of quarterly data. Lagged values were used to improve the describing power of econometric models. The models themselves were analyzed bilaterally by using OSL method. The results show that the exchange rates have higher influence on the balance of payments than vice versa.
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Czech Corporate Hedging
Puc, Jiří ; Durčáková, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Kunz, Tomáš (referee)
This bachelor thesis tries to describe how medium size and large nonfinancial companies in Czech Republic hedge against their currency exposure by examining two companies. The thesis is focused on transaction and economic currency exposure, but not on translation exposure. None of the companies hedge against this type of exposure. In addition, the thesis describes condition for hedging in Czech Republic, especially the movement of foreign exchange exposure and its influence on the use of derivatives. For introduction to the subject, there is a theoretical part at the beginning of the thesis. It defines all types of currency exposures and explains various methods how to hedge them.
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The monetary policy of the National Bank of Slovakia and the adoption of euro
Hanuščáková, Valéria ; Durčáková, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Kunz, Tomáš (referee)
The topic of the thesis is the monetary policy of the National Bank of Slovakia and the adoption of euro. The content of the thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The first part is devoted to the main representative of monetary policy in Slovakia, the National Bank of Slovakia, and description of the activities performed and the tools used while implementing the policy. In addition, the work focuses on the prerequisite of adoption of the common European currency, namely the formation and the history of the economic and monetary union. The main objective, the practical part of the thesis, is the secondary research analysis devoted to the implementation of monetary policy of the National Bank of Slovakia from the Bank's formation itself, through very important events such as change in FX rate in 1998, access to the ERM II system in 2005, adoption of euro in 2009 till the present time. In the final chapter, the thesis focuses on the evaluation of euro adoption in Slovakia via primary research conducted through questionnaire designed for Slovak citizens. Closure part consists of my personal analysis of euro implementation whereby I'll remit to advantages just as disadvantages which have been caused by our new mutual currency.
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American dolar as a international reserve currency
Kozlerová, Pavlína ; Durčáková, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Čermáková, Daniela (referee)
The work is dedicated to the development of the U.S. dollar as the international reserve currency. In this context, the work also focuses further describe the evolution of U.S. balance of payments and other important macroeconomic factors like interest rates, which over the years had an impact on the dollar in international finance. The first part describes the development of the dollar's exchange rate and other factors in the period after the Second World War. In the second, then encounter has a more detailed analysis of the U.S. national currency and balance of payments between the years 1999 to 2009. Concluding part two periods are compared and concludes the current view on the U.S. dollar.
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Technical analysis in the foreign exchange market
Vařenka, Jiří ; Durčáková, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Mandel, Martin (referee)
The main goal of this bachelor thesis is to characterize technical analysis as a method of foreign exchange rate prediction and its possible ways of use. The first chapter focuses on the foreign exchange market characteristics, the FX market participants and retail trading conditions. The second chapter explains different types of data presentations as well as basic support and resistance approach and brings detailed classification features of indicators, which are commonly used in technical analysis by both dealers and retail traders. The technical analysis is then confronted with the efficient market theory. In the empirical part we test one simple moving average-based trading strategy in 4 modifications.
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Benefits and costs of common European currency adoption in small open economy (on the example of chosen country)
Bábek, Jiří ; Durčáková, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Doležal, Jiří (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyze and assess the benefits and cosi resulting from the implementation of common currency in a small open economy in specific cases in chosen countries. The theoretical part is devoted to the monetary integration itself, its historical development in Europe anf the theory of optimum currency area. Attention will be focused also on the entry criteria of monetary union and the specifics of small open economies within the frame of monetary union. The analytical part evaluates and compares the readiness of chosen economies. Subsequently, the thesis deals with benefits and costs of monetary integration and their significance in a particular situation on the example of chosen countries. Individual benefits and costs will also be put into context with the crisis of monetary union. The results are discussed in conclusion.
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Mutual relations of balance of payments, exchange rate and foreign exchange reserves
Zelba, Michal ; Durčáková, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Čermáková, Daniela (referee)
This work assesses influence of balance of payments on exchange rate movement, whether nominal or real, and feed back. First part defines balance of payments and content of its items. Further, main theories of exchange rate movements are presented. In the ensuing empirical section economies of similiar type are compared, firstly two large, rather open economies of USA and United Kingdom. The next comparation analyzes differences between two small, rather open economies, and that is Czech republic and Switzerland.
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Bilateral relations between interest rates and exchange rates (in selected countries)
Kočí, Tomáš ; Durčáková, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Kunz, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis deals with the relation between interest differential and exchange rate. First part is about the exchange rate system explanation and about explanation of theoretical background of relation between interest rate and exchange rate (i. e. Asset Market Model, Interest Rate Parity, etc.). The goal of second part is to verify theoretical assumptions on empirical data. There is a sample of ten European countries which is used for applying of graphical analysis, regression analysis and VAR model analysis.
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Monetary policy of NBS and convergence to EMU
Čačková, Anna ; Durčáková, Jaroslava (advisor) ; KUNZ, Tomáš (referee)
Diploma thesis is entitled Monetary policy of NBS and convergence to EMU. Introductory theoretical section describes the development of monetary unions in the past and the causes of their extinction. Subsequently, it is devoted to the foundation of the European Monetary Union in various stages, of its crisis and transition to the ERM II exchange rate system. It characterizes the nominal Maastricht criteria in theory. Following chapters constitute the practical part of the thesis. Chapters 2-4 discuss the monetary policy of the NBS and its roles and objectives. They outline monetary policy of NBS in the individual periods followed by an evaluation of measures and compliance with the main objectives, such as exchange rate stability, inflation targeting and inflation targeting in ERM II. The last chapter discusses the costs and benefits of euro, their comparison and evaluation of the appropriateness of the timing of entry into EMU. Real convergence is emphasised and represented by GDP per capita, the adjustment of price levels, employment and foreign trade. Nominal convergence is represented by Maastricht convergence criteria and their implementation. The development of various criteria is compared with the countries of V4 -- Czech republic, Poland and Hungary. Finally it summarises the overall functioning of the National Bank in the field of monetary policy, the appreciation of the euro advantages and appropriateness of the timing.
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