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Toxicity of nitroderivatives of toluene and products of their transformations
Marcelová, Štěpánka ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Bednařík, Karel (advisor)
This work is focused on verification of p-Nitrotoluenu toxicity and compounds resulting from the aerobic transformation, and methyl group oxidation and reduction of nitro. Some of these products are not commercially available and had to be made soon. Toxicity of the substances was determined by toxicity tests. Were tested root growth inhibition Sinapis alba, which resulted in an inhibitory concentration IC50; test inhibition duckweed Lemna minor , which was also the determination of IC50 inhibitory concentration, and acute toxicity test Artemia salina, which was observed in mortality and immobility organisms and the test result was an efficient concentration EC50 value. Results of tests are compared in the conclusion of the work and is made evaluation of the toxicity of individual substances.
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UTILIZATION OF ALTERNATIVE TESTS OF BIOTOXICITY FOR DETERMINATION INADVISABILITY OF EXISTING AND/OR POTENTIONAL POLUTANTS
Vašulková, Lucie ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Bednařík, Karel (advisor)
This thesis is focused on attestation of ecotoxicity of octachlorstyrene (OCS), persistent organic pollutant (POP), by biological tests of toxicity. The toxicity of OCS was determined by using two kinds of alternative tests applied on fresh water organisms. First of them, Thamnotoxkit, is based on observation of mobility, immobilization or even killing of crustacean Thamnocephalus platyurus. The second one, Daphnotoxkit, applies crustacean Daphnia magna. For purposes of comparison, a standard test of toxicity – so called test of root growth inhibition of Sinapis alba and two fytotests – test of growth inhibition of Lemna minor and test of root growth inhibition of Allium cepa were performed as well.
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Alcohols utilization as non - freezing heat transfer liquids
Kořínková, Klára ; Bednařík, Karel (referee) ; Kotlík, Josef (advisor)
This bachelor´s thesis deals with the alcohols used by the non-freezing heat transfer fluid. Were compared alcohols methanol, ethanol, ethane-1,2-diol, propane-1,2-diol and propane-1,3-diol. The substances were examined mainly from the toxicological point of view and negative impacts on human health. Toxic substance was determined by ethane-1,2-diol. Propane-1,2-diol is the most used substance in the market which is non-toxic.
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Environmental Aspects of Pyrotechnic Mixtures.
Mešková, Michala ; Bednařík, Karel (referee) ; Friedl, Zdeněk (advisor)
The submitted bachelor thesis deals with the study of pyrotechnic compositions and their influence on the health and environment. It explains the nature and ingredients used in pyrotechnic compositions. During burning these compositions release different compounds, toxic or non-toxic into the atmosphere in large quantities. In this work the issue of toxicity of selected alkali, alkaline earth metals and the other harmful metals was explored. The pyrotechnic compositions containing Ba, As, Pb and Cd were investigated in more detail. When burning the pyrotechnic compositions release noxious substances into the air first. Then these substances reach due to wet or dry transport mechanism the other components of the environment and mix with them. These compounds have diverse negative effects both on humans and the environment and other animals.
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Biotransformation of nitro aromates
Tomeček, Jaromír ; Bednařík, Karel (referee) ; Friedl, Zdeněk (advisor)
Contamination by nitroaromatic compounds, such as explosives, pesticides or other nitroaromatic compounds, is worldwide environmental problem. This text focuses on contamination by compounds from military and ammunition industry, most especially 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX) and 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (HMX). First goal of this work is to provide the reader with a aerobic biodegradation and transformation processes of nitroaromatic compounds named above. The second goal is to compare the toxicity of initial nitroaromates and their transformation intermediates.
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Modern detection methods of energetic materials
Šesták, Jozef ; Bednařík, Karel (referee) ; Friedl, Zdeněk (advisor)
The review of modern detection methods of explosives was composed. Firstly the thesis deals with the detection methods commonly used in forensics science such as gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, ion mobility spectrometry, Raman spectroscopy and mainly their innovations. Then the thesis is focused on simple but very sensitive methods using fluorescence and chemiluminescence. At the end a methods as the results of a latest research are mentioned. The main of them are micro cantilever sensors and differential reflectometry. Security and counterterrorist warfare is main point of thesis.
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Chemistry of polynitro heterocyclic compounds
Kubátková, Nela ; Bednařík, Karel (referee) ; Friedl, Zdeněk (advisor)
The review of polynitro heterocyclic compounds was written. These are substances with ability to detonate, which is caused mainly by presence of nitrogroups, which are bonded to carbon atoms in their cycles. The thesis deals with common polynitro five-membered heterocycles with one nitro atom, up to six-membered heterocycles with three nitrogen atoms. There are processed basic information of these compounds, as well as their physical-chemical properties and properties of detonation, the possibility of their preparation, which are displayed in the form of chemical reactions.
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Chemistry of linear polynitramines
Teplá, Romana ; Bednařík, Karel (referee) ; Friedl, Zdeněk (advisor)
This work is focused on chemistry of linear polynitramines, their physical-chemical and explosive properties with regards to the possibility of their preparation and field of utilization as energetic plasticizers of solid propellants and smokeless powder. The use of linear polynitramines as plasticizers or energetic binders is influenced by melting temperature which increases with the number of C-N(NO2)-C units in molecule of energetic material. Linear polynitramines with lower melting temperature are utilized as plasticizers of solid propellants and smokeless powder additives. Linear polynitramines with longer chain and consequently with higher melting points could be used as binders or energetic components of rocket propellants.
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The usage of OECD tests for determination of waste ecotoxicity
Zálešáková, Ludmila ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Bednařík, Karel (advisor)
In my bachelor thesis I consern myself with tests of waste ecotoxicity that are recommended by OECD. The main purpose of the thesis is to characterize these tests and compare them from the application aspect. The thesis presents OECD, its establishment and relation to the Czech Republic. Waste problems are discussed here too. Fundamental terms in this field, sorts of waste and its origin are defined here. The main attention is focused on ecotoxicological tests that are characterized according to their application, implementation and testing organism.
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