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Trends in marital and nonmarital fertility in the Czech Republic
Rathouská, Kateřina ; Kraus, Jaroslav (referee) ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor)
Trends in marital and nonmarital fertility in the Czech Republic The aim of this paper is to analyze changes in marital and nonmarital fertility in the Czech Republic in the period 1980-2008, in terms of age, birth order and marital status. The impact of changes in the structure of women according to marital status and of fertility change in the intensity of the number and structure of live births was investigated. Outline the historical development of the social situation of children born outside marriage, and attempts to find answers to questions regarding the expanding phenomenon of unmarried motherhood and cohabitation. Throughout the analyzed period, a growing number and proportion of births outside marriage. At the end of the first decade of the 21st century in illegitimate union was born almost 39 % of live births. Attitude of unmarried cohabitation and unmarried children nascent mothers are no longer nearly as pessimistic as it was before. With the sharp decline of marriages concluded growing share of single women of reproductive age. Significant changes occurred only in the total number of live births, which fluctuated, and at the end of the period analyzed is stabilized above the one hundred thousand live births, but also a change in reproductive behavior, which is reflected in a marked increase...
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Mortality trends by selected causes of death in children and youth in the Czech Republic
Přibil, Karel ; Kraus, Jaroslav (referee) ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor)
Mortality Trends by selected causes of death in children and youth in the Czech Republic Abstract The aim of this study is to describe mortality development of children and the youth in the Czech Republic between 1949 and 2008 according to selected causes. The study examines evolution of the most significant groups of death of children and the youth in the last decades. Trends in these mortality groups are analyzed with the use of structural and intensity indicators. Individual, the most frequent causes for the selected groups of death are described with the use of total numbers. The most interesting development of individual causes of death is set into a broader context. Generally, we can say that from the intensity perspective mortality of children and the youth has decreased and from the structural perspective the mortality has stagnated. Keywords: mortality trends, children mortality, youth mortality, mortality groups, death causes
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Induced abortion patterns in the Czech Republic
Mistrová, Aneta ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee) ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor)
Induced abortion patterns in the Czech Republic One of the objectives of this study is mainly to present trends of induced abortions after 1987, when already the occurence of induced abortions is not influenced (affected) by the restrictive legislative changes. At first, the study is focused on the methodology. Scope in the next part is for induced abortion by age of women, but also according to various differential indicators of abortions. (eg. marital status, education or region). In the end of this chapter is briefly introduced the progression of modern contraceptive immediately related with decrease of intensity of induced abortions. In the next chapter is briefly outlined international comparison, which is difficult due to several circumstances. Another object of this study is to examine attitude of the Czech public towards induced abortions - base on questionnaire. The penultimate chapter is devoted to this topic. There are basic hypothesis given it the introduction of this chapter. In final part is studied public opinion by various criteria (eg. gender, religion or place of residence). In conclusion are summarized the main findings of this study.
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Trends and settings of fertility behaviour in former GDR and FRG
Babková, Eliška ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee) ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor)
Trends and settings of fertility behaviour in former GDR and FRG Abstract The objective of the study is to analyse fertility trends in the former GDR and FRG after 1952 to the present and to examine the population attitudes towards parenthood. Fertility analysis is concentrated on investigating trends in marital and extramarital live births, total fertility rate, mean age at childbirth and fertility rates by age. Reproductive behaviour in GDR and FRG was different and after unification Germany (3 October 1990) has preserved its specifics. Another part of the study deals with the attitudes of the population of FRG to parenthood and their expectations regarding family policy. The results show that children aren't a major life value for Germans and the demands related to family policy measures are there excessive. The main findings of this study are summarized in the conclusion.
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Nuptiality in Kazakhstan during the period of rapid economic growth
Kozhakhmetova, Aliya ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee) ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor)
This study primarily addresses nuptiality patterns in Kazakhstan over the period 1999-2007 characterized with rapid economic growth. The data are taken from censuses, vital statistics and other relevant data sources. The data collection is provided by the Agency of Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the UN Statistics Division. The aim of the thesis is to study marital behavior in the Republic of Kazakhstan, in particular, on differentials by sex, age, nationality and place of residence. During the studied period nuptiality rates arose significantly. Therefore, the question is to what extend the favorable economic development had the impact on positive changes in marital behavior of population. Keywords: Nuptiality, Marriage, Divorce, Kazakhstan, USSR, Economic Growth
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Recent changes in marital and extramarital fertility according to ethnicity in Kazakhstan
Dyussupova, Saule ; Kalibová, Květa (referee) ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor)
Recent changes in marital and extramarital fertility according to ethnicity in Kazakhstan Saule Dyussupova Abstract Contemporary Kazakhstan has experienced different social and political changes since being an independent country. These changes influenced demographic processes such as fertility. The number of live births per one woman has altered, but what were the changes among ethnicities and what type of fertility has changed more: marital or extramarital? To answer these questions more sizable ethnicities in Kazakhstan, which are Kazakhs, Russians, Ukrainians and Uzbeks were chosen. After examining the trends for the above mentioned ethnicities, their demographic positions in marital and extramarital fertility were explained. Meanwhile, despite the fact that the social-cultural attitudes of each ethnicity differ from each other, the tendency in marital fertility was going up among all ethnicities and in case of extramarital fertility, mostly among non and mixed traditional ethnicities was going down. Thus, based on the results of the research, the author has concluded the following: after the stabilization of economic and political conditions in the country the number of marital births increased, whereas traditional ethnicity (Uzbek) has experienced the fastest increase in the proportion of extramarital...
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Differentiation of marital and reproductive behavior in East Kazakhstan
Karmenova, Zhaniya ; Kalibová, Květa (referee) ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor)
Differentiation of marital and reproductive behavior in East Kazakhstan Abstract This study primarily addresses nuptiality and fertility patterns among youth in East Kazakhstan region. The data are obtained from censuses, vital statistics and survey "Marital and reproductive behavior of young women in Ust-Kamenogorsk". The survey data collection has been supported by Center of International programs of Kazakhstan "Bolashak" and Charles University in Prague. The aim of the thesis is to study marital and reproductive behavior in East Kazakhstan region, in particular, differentials by sex, age, nationality and place of residence. Nuptiality and fertility rates have increased in the region during the study period. Hence, the impact of external socio-economic factors on marital and reproductive behavior of population was analyzed. Keywords: Nuptiality, Marriage, Divorce, Fertility, Kazakhstan, East Kazakhstan region, Ust- Kamenogorsk, Youth
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Working age population of Kazakhstan in 1999 - 2007
Karimova, Dinara ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee) ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor)
The main focus of this master's thesis was the working age population of Kazakhstan during 1999-2007. The size of working age population aged 16-64 rose from 9.6 million people to 10.5 million people during the considered period. We divide the working age population into three main categories such as employed, unemployed and economically inactive population then study these categories of working population by sex, age, educational level, the place of residence and regional dimensions of Kazakhstan. The importance and value of this master's thesis was the calculation of working life tables for the working age population of Kazakhstan. Key words: Kazakhstan, working age population, employed, unemployed, economically inactive population, working life expectancy.
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Perinatal mortality in Kazakhstan and prospects of its reduction
Abdrakhmanov, Assan ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee) ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor)
The thesis addresses the issue of perinatal mortality in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The perinatal and neonatal mortality rates in Kazakhstan both decreased in the period from 1994 to 2004, by 20% and 26% respectively. Despite these declines, the 2004 figures were still high compared to the averages in the WHO European Region. The neonatal mortality rate and the maternal mortality ratio were both 89% higher than the regional average for that year, while the perinatal mortality rate was 45% higher. There is also evidence of underreporting deaths underestimating mortality, as the indicators of maternal, neonatal and perinatal mortality reported by WHO for 2000 are all at least three times higher than the Kazakhstan's estimates for the same year. This research analyzed data for the years from 1999 to 2008. This study examined the effect of known risk factors so called social and demographic factors including place of residence, marital status, age of mother and child birth order on perinatal mortality rates. Logistic regression has been used in order to measure the impact of individual explanatory factors on the occurrence of perinatal death and also to control effects of all remaining variables. The analysis revealed significant differences between rural and urban area. Perinatal mortality is much...
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