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Jago and preman - controversial heroes of Indonesian history
Petrů, Tomáš ; Vrhel, František (advisor) ; Šalanda, Bohuslav (referee) ; Dubovská, Zorica (referee)
The dissertation deals with the historical development of banditry and gangsterism in Indonesia against the background of its relationship with the ruling elite. The author argues that bandits, called jago, or modern gangsters, known as preman, represented the basic pillar of power of all ruling regimes in Java from the classical Javanese kingdoms and the 163 Netherlands East Indies' colonial state to the Suharto's New Order. This pattern changed, however, with the onset of decentralisation and democratization of Indonesian politics - thugs for hire ceased to be agents of state and became a power tool of political parties and other competing interest groups. The author also shows that the regimes tried to eliminate the thugs' criminal activities by integrating them into their respective repressive systems. The general consequence of these intergrational attempts was criminalization of security forces and the state administration. The author further proves the existence of a direct historical and cultural connection between the jago and the preman. These controversial figures also share, despite a substantial time span, three essential features: cooperation with the patron on an ambivalent basis; criminal activities on the side outside this relationship, which secured profit for the elite in return for...
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The political history of East Timor from colonialism to independence
Valvodová, Nikola ; Petrů, Tomáš (advisor) ; Budiman, Michaela (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the political history of East Timor from the beginning of the 16th century to the beginning of the 21st century. The first part will briefly describe situation on the island before Europeans began to appear in the archipelago. The second part shows what the colonial era itself looked like on the island, how the Dutch and Portuguese competed for the position of power here, and how the inhabitants of the island themselves reacted to it. The next chapter will analyze the period after the split of the island into Portuguese and Dutch parts and the Japanese occupation, which disturbed European sovereignty here during World War II. The last chapter of this thesis will focus on the period from Indonesian invasion in 1975 to Timorese independence in 2002. The aim is to describe conflicts and their resolution inside one of the youngest states of the world.
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Imprints od Indianisation inside the Culture of Contemporary Java
Losová, Markéta ; Petrů, Tomáš (advisor) ; Pokorný, Ondřej (referee)
The island of Java, along with other islands of contemporary Indonesia, underwent a process Indianization during the first centuries of the Common Era, which has significantly changed its culture. These influences are evident in the form of cultural elements up to the present day. The presented bachelor's thesis tries to outline the cultural sectors, in which these reflections of Indian culture can currently be recognized; more specifically, it focuses on the Indic legacy within local languages such as Javanese and Malay/Indonesian, but also Javanese literary forms, which are significantly influenced above all by the Indian epics of Ramayana and Mahabharata. The themes of traditional art of dance, music, batik and especially theater, where many of these genres interact, will also be included. Yet another topic to be discussed is the impact of Indic religions and their syncretic forms, which are an inseparable and essential part of Java. The thesis will address the question of whether it is possible to reveal the origins of all these cultural sectors and attempts to explain how they have changed over time, how they differ from their original form and how they were shaped. Key words Java, culture, Indianisation, religion, tradition, language, literature
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Indonesian music genre dangdut as a cultural and a social phenomenon
Sedláček, Jakub ; Petrů, Tomáš (advisor) ; Budiman, Michaela (referee)
(in English) This bachelor thesis is dedicated to Indonesian musical genre dangdut, one of the most popularmusical genres in the archipelago for more than four decades. Dangdut consists of various elements of Western popular, Indian, and local musical traditions, making it an interesting subject of study for musicological, as well as socio-cultural research. Ambivalent nature of dangdut music has the power to unite heterogenous Indonesian society and divide it and at the same time because of its controversial aspects, making it a suitable field for research of social phenomena such as class division of the society or relationship between religious institutions and popular culture. This thesis aims to put dangdut into context of Indonesian cultural and social traditions, describe its characteristics, summarize the outputs of the scientific approach to dangdut and explain the factors behind genre's popularity. Key words Indonesia, Indonesian music, popular music, syncretism, fusion, acculturation, controversy
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Indonesian batik - a cultural phenomenon between tradition and propaganda
Tomanová, Michala ; Petrů, Tomáš (advisor) ; Pokorný, Ondřej (referee)
Batik is a resist dye technique that uses wax to decorate the fabric with ornaments. These ornaments, batik motives, have deep philosophical meanings and bear many connotations. Batik as a process and the result of this process, an artistically decorated fabric, is considered an ancient Indonesian tradition and a symbol of Indonesia. This bachelor thesis is focused on the meanings of batik in the past and also in contemporary Indonesia, especially in Java. The core of this thesis are four most famous batik motives (kawung, parang, the wing and megamendung) and their meanings both according to the scientific literature and according to the opinions of Indonesians themselves. There is also a chapter about the origin of the word "batik" and about the basic moments in batik development, that changed the fabrics full of philosophical meanings into a modern Indonesian fashion (batik from central principalities versus the coastal batik, Sukarno's Batik Indonesia or inscription of Indonesian batik on the list of Intangible Cultural Heritage of UNESCO). There was also a small research using a questionnare to focus on how the contemporary Indonesians percieve batik and the mentioned motives. There is a chapter about batik as a street art, too as a part of the modern situation of batik in Indonesia.
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The Social Status of Women in the Indonesian Society
Kadlecová, Michaela ; Budiman, Michaela (advisor) ; Petrů, Tomáš (referee)
In this bachelor thesis "The Social Status of Women in the Indonesian Society" I deal with the social status of women in the Indonesian society with the main focus on Indonesian women's organisations and movements and their impact on the future of women living in the Indonesian archipelago. The first chapter deals with the historical evolution of women's social status from prehistoric times to modern times and with the position of women towards men, the second chapter briefly defines feminism, its division into three waves and the female roles development according to the French philosopher Gilles Lipovestky. The third chapter is focused on women's movements in Indonesia, their origin, development, demonstrations and imporant Indonesian women and national heroines, who have contributed to many reforms in the area of women's rights and gender equality. The practical part is divided into two parts, the first part is about field research, which is focused on selected women's movements and organisations operating in Yogyakarta, which are Feminis Yogya, Rifka Annisa and Indonesia Tanpa Feminis. The task of this field research is to find out what their actions, goals, services, activities and campaigns are. The second part contains a questionnaire survey whose research sample became representatives of...
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Seni reak: little known aspect of West Javanese culture
Goerojová, Kristýna ; Pokorný, Ondřej (advisor) ; Petrů, Tomáš (referee)
(in English) This bachelor thesis treats the topic of Sundanese horse dance known as "reak". It describes the history of the dance as well as of the region called Priangan, where said dance has developed (today's province of West Java). After that the focus briefly shifts to the usual form of Javanese horse dance (jaranan), on which it draws parallels between both phenomena and concludes that reak is in fact the latest variant of that art form. Next is the analysis of the performance itself, of its structure and general characteristics. The central theme of the third part are the characteristics of the main elements that together form reak, followed by describing their complex symbolism and interconnectivity. One whole chapter is dedicated to the phenomenon of altered state of consciousness, meaning possession. The focus is on the types of possessions that can occur in reak, also the means by which they are made possible and finishes with commenting on the kind of people who are suitable to host a strange entity. The last part is a reflection on various factors that caused changes in the structure and symbolism of the performance and also on possible future of the phenomenon. Key words: reak, jaranan, culture, dance, Java, Indonesia
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Czech and Indonesian Scouting: Comparative Analysis of Two Scout Units - 6th Unit Lyra and Gerakan Pramuka UIN SGD Bandung
Faltusová, Karolína ; Pokorný, Ondřej (advisor) ; Petrů, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to find out to what extent the Czech and Indonesian scouting are identical or different in the interpretation of basic values and everyday practice by comparing the Indonesian section Gerakan Pramuka UIN SGD Bandung and the Czech 6th Lyra section. It is precisely the common values that allow scouting worldwide and the synergistic development of the entire organization at the level of Scouts and Girl Guides, reflected in the very existence of the Scout movement, the world's largest educational movement in the world. The introductory part of the thesis is devoted to the historical development of the scout movement in the world and to the introduction of the basic definition and mission set by the world scout organization WOSM. The second part focuses on Indonesian and Czech Scouting, especially on the historical development and general structure of both scout national organizations Gerakan Pramuka and Junák - Czech Scout, z.s. environment. On the basis of all the mentioned information, the final part of the thesis deduces and evaluates the similarities and differences of the national scout organizations in the interpretation of the generally determined Scout values.
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Effect of gerrymandering on competitiveness in Congressional elections
Petrů, Tomáš ; Kotábová, Věra (advisor) ; Stauber, Jakub (referee)
Gerrymandering, a phenomenon describing the malpractice of electoral districts transformation known as redistricting is motivated by political gains and is considered to be a deep rooted example of a democratic deficit embedded in the political system of The United States of America. In the eyes of the public it is seen as a source of decrease in electoral competition. This thesis investigates the relation between gerrymandering and electoral competition through a quantitative statistical analysis based on the data collected from forty randomly chosen electoral district in the last House election in 2014. The findings show no statistically significant relation between gerrymandering and electoral competition and are then interpreted by different theoretical presumptions further shedding light on the results. The thesis accompanies already rather large number works focused on a statistical approach towards the topic of gerrymandering but offers a unique perspective of constructing the two variables whose relation is subject to the statistical testing.
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Symbolism and visual rhetoric of the Borobudur temple in the context of modern era
Pyšová, Michaela ; Petrů, Tomáš (advisor) ; Pokorný, Ondřej (referee)
Michaela Pyšová 2016 SYMBOLISM AND VISUAL RHETORIC OF THE JAVANESE BUDDHIST TEMPLE BOROBUDUR bachelor thesis Abstract The bachelor thesis deals with the Javanese Buddhist monument Borobudur, which is due to its unique architectural form and the symbolic value of the tangible important part of Indonesian and World Heritage Site. The building is a symbol of Buddhist cosmology and is used by the monks in its original ritual context even today. Javanese mentality evolved according to the transformation of religious and philosophical doctrines and changes over the centuries, similarly understanding the message of the monument by islamized contemporary society. Introduction of thesis defines cultural-historical context of Borobudur during the period ranging from the beginnings of Buddhism in India through dissemination of buddhist teachings in the Indonesian archipelago and its mingling with the local faith. The next part of thesis refers to the architecture of the monument, reliefs and message of the importance of overlapping structures into modern times. The goal of the analysis is primarily analysis of Javanese temple architecture as an ideological system that expresses the philosophical values of Buddhist culture spilling over into modern times.
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