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Cohort mortality pattern and its modelling
Mazouch, Petr ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to introduce a simple alternative approach of mortality modeling (future estimates of mortality rates) which is based on cohort mortality patterns. The assumption of constant change of the force of mortality between two following ages across cohorts is the fundamental base of the proposed model. Theoretical aspects of the model are discussed and its assumptions are verified on time series of Swedish data which are long enough for this purpose. Results of the model application are compared with empirical results of already extinct cohorts and some estimates for still living cohorts are made too. Applications on real data showed good results which respected changes in the mortality development. In the last part of the thesis some possible modification are discussed which could cause results less variable. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Impact of Marital Dissolution on Fertility in the Czech Republic
Filasová, Alena ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kraus, Jaroslav (referee)
Impact of Marital Dissolution on Fertility in the Czech Republic Abstract The intention of this study is to analyze fertility of people who experience a divorce or husband/wife death in their reproductive age so it could be find out if these people have more or less children than people whose marriage persists until the age of 50. The conclusions are made based on the study of data from the second wave of Generations and Gender Survey which took place in the Czech Republic in 2008. The life table method (its output Survival Distribution Function) and Cox regression model are used for the analysis. Reproductive behavior of people who never enter into marriage, those who spend their reproductive age in the first marriage and those who experience the first marital dissolution before their 50th birthday is compared. The analysis of divorced and widowed people fertility is supplemented by evaluation of an effect that certain variables like age, number of children and age of the youngest child in the year of the first marital dissolution have on the follow-up reproductive behavior of these men and women. The situation about the partnership after the dissolution of the first marriage was identified as the most significant. People who find a new partner after their first marital dissolution have on average more...
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Trends and patterns of reproductive behaviour in Germany, Austria and Switzerland
Babková, Eliška ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
Trends and patterns of reproductive behaviour in Germany, Austria and Switzerland Abstract The main goal of this diploma thesis is to analyse fertility trends in the (former) German Democratic Republic, the (former) Federal Republic of Germany, Austria and Switzerland after Second World War to 2010 and attitudes of population of the countries above towards parenthood and the changing roles of men and women. German-speaking countries belong to countries with long-term low fertility level, however each country has its own specific reproductive behavior due to historical development. Analysis of fertility is focused on describing the trends of the number of live births and the proportion of children born outside marriage, total fertility rate, cohort fertility, fertility rates by age and the mean age of women at childbirth. Attitudes of respondents towards parenthood and the changing roles of men and women were analyzed based on international survey, European Values Study 2008, by statistical methods - chi-square test and factor analysis. Further, the thesis deals with family policy in German-speaking countries with a focus on current measures. The main findings of this thesis are summarized in the final chapter.
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Regional differentiation of induced abortion rate in the Czech republic
Chválová, Martina ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee)
Regional differentiation of induced abortion rate in the Czech republic Abstract The goal of the work is to address the issue of induced abortion in the Czech Republic in 2011. The abortion definition and its types, necessary for exact delimitation of the topic, are introduced. Then actual legislation and data gathering of induced abortion are provided. The work focuses on the analysis of regional differentiation of induced abortions in the Czech Republic. The work includes graphs of some statistical indicators of induced abortions in the Czech Republic in 2011. It mainly focuses on pattems of induced abortions in individual regions, according to number of previous live-born babies to mothers who underwent the induced abortion, marital status and education level of these women. Methods of demographic analysis and statistical methods are used (induced abortions to live birth ratios, total induced abortions rate, women's average age at induced abortion). Working hypotheses are presented and consequently verified. Cluster analysis on the regional scale was applied to make the induced abortion patterns more transparent and easier to interpret. The analysis showed that the biggest number of induced abortions is in Central-Bohemia region and in Prague. The highest induced abortion ratio and total induced abortion...
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The impact of economic crises on fertility in EU member states
Chourová, Renáta ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (referee)
The Impact of Economic Crisis on Fertility in EU Member States Abstract The present bachelor thesis describes and compares the development of economic and demographic indicators within the context of the economic crisis in Europe. Using cluster analysis 27 European Union members have been divided into groups with similar characteristics. Moreover the countries were analysed based on results of cluster analysis covering selected years 2006 and 2011 which were selected by assuming of different values of parameters before and after the main impact of the economic crisis. European countries have been facing a decrease of total fertility rate below replacement levels from 60th of 20th century. It can be quite difficult to identify reasons of the above mentioned symptoms, but aspects affecting the total fertility level may be just changes in reproductive behaviour patterns associated with the impact of the second demographic transition and changing economic and political conditions in European countries. As there is a different total fertility level in various European countries we can see different interventions of local governments through a different pro-natal policy to encourage fertility. Key words: economic indicators, demographic indicators, economic crisis, European Union, family policy, cluster analysis
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Induced abortions in the world
Kortanová, Jana ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (referee)
Induced abortion in the world Abstract The aim of this thesis is to give a comprehensive overview on global legislation of induced abortion, and, using the resemblances in various laws to compare trends in the level of induced abortion. In the theoretical part of the thesis, the state of the legislations is evaluated, methods used for the procedure are given, and ways of governmental support for contraception are described. The second part of the thesis analyses the level of induced abortion and contraceptive prevalence in world regions and subregions at the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century by means of demographics and statistics. The hypothesis that the strictness of legislation influences the number of executed induced abortions has not been analytically confirmed - it only affects the safety of the procedure. Another important factor affecting the level of induced abortion is, apart from the legislation in force, the accessibility of an effective contraception. As the contraceptive prevalence increases worldwide, the level of induced abortions decreases. Nevertheless, for some subregions this dependency has not been proved. Keywords: induced abortion, liberal and restrictive legislation, unplanned pregnancy, contraceptive prevalence
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Impact of changes in Earth thermal plasma parameters and solar indices on mortality by cause in the Czech Republic
Podolská, Kateřina ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis was to study the dependence of the intensity of mortality in the Czech Republic, according to the chosen causes of death, on the Solar activity during the increasing and decreasing phase of the Solar cycle in the period 1994-2011, using the methods of the multivariate statistical analysis. The Solar activity was represented by the indices R, Kp, F10.7 and Dst, and also by the height of the F2 layer and TEC for the Czech Republic. The typology of time profiles for causes of death was identified with the help of cluster analysis using time. The dependence between the analyzed time series was investigated using the multivariate statistical analysis. The correlation of the intensity of mortality from coronary heart disease, from stroke, Edwards' and Pataus' syndrom with the Solar activity parameters was discovered, as well as a stronger dependence on the ionosphere parametres related to the Czech Republic area.
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Impact of christianity on fertility patterns from census and survey data in the Czech Republic
Liguš, David ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Šídlo, Luděk (referee)
The aim of this thesis lies in findings of relation between Christian belief and a level of fertility, using Czech Republic's census data and parity progression ratio indicator. On the ground of relevant literature, the hypotheses are formulatetd and are asking: Is a level of fertility higher among people who claim themself to be members of some Christian denomination? In the second part of the thesis is to find out the attitudes of university students till the age of thirty years toward religion aspects in general and toward the planned number of childern. By looking for an answer, the Poisson regression method is used. For this second part of the thesis are following variables were examined: stated faith, gender and importance of the marriage. The aim of the second part is to discover to which extent these variables impact on the planned number of children. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Trends in traffic accidents in the Czech Republic
Přibil, Martin ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
Trends in traffic accidents in the Czech Republic ABSTRACT The aim of the study is to describe development of traffic accident rates in the Czech Republic for selected types of accidents in the road traffic. The study monitors development of accident rates and the most severe results of accidents between 1990 and 2010, and in a more detailed analysis of selected types of accidents between 1997 and 2010. Each type of accident is described by an absolute number of events, but also by comparative, structural and intensity indicators (parameters). Key words: traffic, road traffic, traffic accidents, traffic legislation, results of accidents, types of accidents
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Childlessness in the Czech Republic: cohort perspective
Žemberová, Karolína ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyze childless women in the Czech Republic and compare them to similar women in Slovakia, Netherlands and USA. The main statistical analysis used is generational fertility tables for women born between 1935 and 1968. The first part presents theories that attempt to explain the change of reproductive preferences which were distinctively different than the second half of the 20th century. According to the results of the analysis, there was a strong corrolational change of generational childlessness in western countries by women born shortly after World War II. In the Czech and Slovak Republic the same generational childlessness was observed in women born in the sixties. Furthermore, it analyzes the percentage of childless women in the Czech Republic, depending on their marital status, according to data take from the census, which took place after 1950. It was concluded that the percentage of childless women changed by single and married women. The work also studies attitudes and opinions regarding childlessness based on sample surveys. The results of this thesis show that there are a growing number of childless women in particular countries and also that there is a growing importance in studying this phenomenon.
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