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Distinguishing of primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction
Votavová, Hana ; Trněný, Marek (advisor) ; Papajik, Tomáš (referee) ; Kozák, Tomáš (referee)
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It is a molecular and prognostic heterogeneous disease. Three main genetic subtypes are called germinal center-like DLBCL (GC-like DLBCL), non-germinal center-like DLBCL (nonGC-like DLBCL) and primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBL). These subtypes can be reliably distinguished only with usage of gene expression profiling (GEP). The GEP method can be applied only when fresh frozen tissue is available. The method is technically difficult and expensive. Thus, it is not used routinely. Since the DLBCL subtypes differ in prognosis, it is extremely important to be able to distinguish them. The presented thesis is focused on distinguishing of PMBL diagnosis in the group of DLBCL. Easily stored formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue (FFPE) and gene expression analysis using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTqPCR) are used. In the first step, PMBL and DLBCL cases were distinguished with an internationally accepted clinical-pathological method. The agreement between clinical-pathological diagnosis and GEP is only 76%. In the presented text a genetic algorithm for PMBL/DLBCL distinguishing is suggested. It uses three carefully chosen genes and their expression is measured with RTqPCR. Both, the...
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Gene expression analysis in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome
Vašíková, Alžběta ; Votavová, Hana (advisor) ; Neuwirtová, Radana (referee) ; Jarošová, Marie (referee)
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a clonal disorder affecting maturation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells. MDS is characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis resulting in peripheral blood cytopenia in at least one lineage, and increased risk of development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This disorder mostly affects the elderly, with the incidence of 10-50/100000 people per year. Heterogeneity of MDS is further underlined by the presence of both idiopathic primary and secondary therapy-related forms, which arise from accumulation of mutational events induced by cytotoxic therapy (exposure to alkylating agents or after therapy with topoisomerase II inhibitors). In this thesis, we focused on determination of differential gene expression between MDS patients and control subjects using different microarray platforms. Using nylon membranes, we detected 4 genes (ERCC1, FLT1, NME4, PCNA) with increasing expression pattern in advanced MDS stages, which correlated with disease progression. Their strong up- regulation was also observed in patients with de novo AML, suggesting their involvement in the leukemic transformation of MDS. Comparison of gene expression profiles of early and advanced MDS obtained by Agilent microarrays resulted in the set of differentially expressed genes, which might...
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Statistical analysis of samples from the generalized exponential distribution
Votavová, Helena ; Popela, Pavel (referee) ; Michálek, Jaroslav (advisor)
Diplomová práce se zabývá zobecněným exponenciálním rozdělením jako alternativou k Weibullovu a log-normálnímu rozdělení. Jsou popsány základní charakteristiky tohoto rozdělení a metody odhadu parametrů. Samostatná kapitola je věnována testům dobré shody. Druhá část práce se zabývá cenzorovanými výběry. Jsou uvedeny ukázkové příklady pro exponenciální rozdělení. Dále je studován případ cenzorování typu I zleva, který dosud nebyl publikován. Pro tento speciální případ jsou provedeny simulace s podrobným popisem vlastností a chování. Dále je pro toto rozdělení odvozen EM algoritmus a jeho efektivita je porovnána s metodou maximální věrohodnosti. Vypracovaná teorie je aplikována pro analýzu environmentálních dat.
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Statistical Models of Success of Various Techniques of Rugby Kicking
Vrbacká, Kateřina ; Votavová, Helena (referee) ; Bednář, Josef (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is dealing with the testing of statistical hypothesis and their practical use. We model the success of rugby kicking and analyze the dominant factors (ball position, kicking technique, player) and their interactions. We will use some mathematical terms such as chi-square test of independence and logistic regression. The final model will be processed by software MINITAB. The outcome from this thesis will be the exact description of this situation.
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Mathematical models for transportation problems
Votavová, Helena ; Novotný, Jan (referee) ; Popela, Pavel (advisor)
The thesis deals with modelling and solution techniques for the selected transportation problems. Firstly, historical remarks and application-related comments are introduced. Then the selected transportation problems are defined and mathematical programming and graph theory concepts are utilised to model them. The travelling salesman problem and suitable algorithms are under focus. The original implementation in GAMS and Python is discussed. Algorithms have been tested for the instance based on the set of 73 towns in the Czech Republic. Finally, the test results are evaluated and compared.
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Visualisation and quantitative analysis of flat continuous water jet structure
Ščučka, Jiří ; Zeleňák, Michal ; Foldyna, Josef ; Lehocká, D. ; Votavová, H.
The results of an experiment focused on the visualisation and structural analysis of flat continuous high-speed water jet used in descaling process are presented in this paper. The aim of the work was to test the applicability of the shadowgraph technique, combined with image processing and analysis methods, to visualise the water jet structure and analyse its main quantitative parameters. Volume percentage of water and air in the water jet structure, size of droplets and water bunches and other parameters were measured on digital images taken at various distances from the nozzle outlet. Knowledge of the water jet structure below the nozzle can facilitate an optimal setting of technological conditions of the water jetting with respect to the maximum disintegration effect on treated material. The described methods can also provide important information for development of new nozzles or entire water jetting tools for disintegration of materials.
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