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Optimalization of PCR-RFLP method for taxonomy of yeasts
Olivová, Radana ; Vadkertiová, Renata (referee) ; Vránová, Dana (advisor)
This thesis deal with optimalization method PCR – RFLP for taxonomy enlistment of yeasts. Conventional identification methods for yeasts are time-consuming. Molecular biological method based on PCR are instrumental towards fast and precise identification as compared to conventional phenotypic methods. In this thesis molecular biological method PCR – RFLP was used for identification and enlistment of yeasts. This metod follow repeating spacers of ribozomal DNA of yeast, characteristic for each species and strain. By the help of PCR were amplified specific partitions of DNA. These fragments of DNA were split by restriction endonucleases and identified by horizontal electroforesis. In background of this thesis there are information about yeasts, their taxonomy and molecular biological methods.
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Taxonomic submission of Saccharomyces yeast from selected matrices
Mašitová, Lucie ; Vadkertiová, Renata (referee) ; Vránová, Dana (advisor)
This thesis explores the optimizing of the methods relevant to the cultivation, isolation, and identification of individual yeast strains from selected matrices, using the molecular biology methods. Grape berries, vine-leaves and soil from vineyard have been used as matrices. As yeasts are an integral part of fermentation processes, they are used for making of wine, the organoleptic charakteristics of which they influence. For identification of yeast strains the PCR-RFLP method has been used. Specifity of yeast DNA sequences of certain species has been used for this analysis. These spacers have been amplificated through the use of PCR and consequently they have been subjected to a restrictive analysis with specific restrictive endonucleases. These fragments have been detectioned through horizontal electrophoresis. In the literature background research section the basic informations about viticulture, yeasts, their cultivation and separation, PCR, restrictive analysis and horizontal electrophoresis is presented.
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Effect of culture medium on the identification of yeasts of the genus Cryptococcus using mass spectrometry
Jurnečková, Alena ; Vadkertiová, Renata (referee) ; Stratilová, Eva (advisor)
Cryptococccus genus is known for its difficult identification and taxonomical classification in area of clinical microbiology. For this bachelor thesis, total 22 yeast strains of the Cryptococcus genus were chosen. The part of strains was firstly analyzed by D1/D2 domain LSU rRNA gene analysis. Three types of culture medium – YPD, potato dextrose agar and Sabouraud’s medium were selected for cultivation. Samples were prepared according to standardized method of Bruker Daltonik company, Institute of Chemistry of SAS and combination of these two methods. Identification was done by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Obtained spectra were compared using corresponding software and evaluated on the basis of specific algorithm. The most advantageous culture medium for cultivation and biotyping with the largest percentage score was YPD (Yeasts pepton dextrose). On the other hand, the least advantageous culture medium was Sabouraud’s agar, which reached the smallest percentage success due to parameters of Bruker Daltonik algorithm. The most succesfull method of sample preparation and application was the combined method with YPD as a culture medium. The results of complete analysis are dendrograms for each medium showing the genetic similarity of yeast strains. The dendrogram shows categorization of the single strains into appropriate groups. Cr. flavescens (CCY 17-3-28, CCY 17-3-30) and Cr. laurentii (CCY 17-3-2) strains were correctly integrated into phylogenetic group Cr. laurentii I (branch in the dendrogram with designation A). Cr. flavus (CCY 17-3-5) doesn’t belong to this group, although it shows similarity with Cr. flavescens. The strains Cr. carnescens (CCY 17-3-13) and Cr. victoriae (CCY 17-3-26) belong to the phylogenetic group Cr. laurentii II (designated as B). Cr. magnus (CCY 17-4-39, CCY 17-4-40) strains show similarity with these strains, but doesn’t belong to the phylogenetic group II. The strains Cr. gastricus (CCY 17-5-1) and Cr. diffluens (non-attached) form a branch designated as C. Cr. aerius (CCY 17-4-9) strain, which was also put into this group, was proposed to sequence analysis, because its spectrum indicates that it should be rather a Cr. diffluens strain. The group D contains Bulleromyces albus (CCY 17-3-35, CCY 17-3-36) and Cr. saitoi (CCY 17-3-18, CCY 17-4-2) strains. The sequenced Cr. albidus (CCY 17-4-1), non-sequenced Cr. diffluens (CCY 17-4-13) and Cr. terreus (CCY 17-8-1) form the group E. The strain CCY 17-4-13 was proposed to sequence analysis because of occurrence of the Cr. diffluens sequenced strain in the group C. The sequenced Cr. aerius (CCY 17-25-1) is also part of this group, but it represents a separate branch. The last group is named as F and consists of Cr. macerans (CCY 17-19-3) and control strains Cr. neoformans var. neoformans (CCY 17-1-4, CCY 17-1-5).
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