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Gynaeological malignancy. Screening and prevention. Focused on HPV infection
Diblíková, Šárka ; Turyna, Radovan (advisor)
Cancer is currently a great problem modern medicine. Apart from hereditary factors also applied a lot of influences the external and internal environment of the individual . Major role to play in the emergence of cancer and viruses as intracellular parasites that are completely bound to the cell and are able to interact directly with the cell's genome or its regulatory proteins. Malignant cell transformation is a multistep process in which formation involving many factors , which are known as carcinogens . You can then divided into biological, physical and chemical . An important property of malignant transformed cells is the ability of unlimited division, which is independent of action and growth inhibitory factors. Tumor cell becomes virtually immortal . In addition to uncontrolled growth and multiplication occurs to changes in cell function . Another problem is the invasive growth into surrounding tissue , which may be necessary in certain areas of very serious complications , for example in the brain. On the surface of tumor cells are expressed for certain tumors specific antigens (TSA ) or tumor associated antigens (TAA ) . The karyotype of these cells often find chromosomal aberrations and occurs in them to chromosomal instability
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Vulvar diseases
Černovská, Eliška ; Turyna, Radovan (advisor)
The theme of my thesis Diseases of the vulva, I chose based on several years of his interest in gynecology and themes associated with that field. Although the vulva is a place that gynecologist for examination by viewing easy accessibility as one of the first, there is no diagnosis of disease in this area does not simple and requires interdisciplinary cooperation. vulva is not only the gateway to the internal genitals, but also a place where meet medical fields, especially gynecology, dermatology and pathology. View of dermatology and gynecology at some disease of the vulva was often different, as well as evaluation severity of disease classification and therapy. Simply words, the gynecologist is usually devoted to lesions that were considered to be precancerous or malignant nature attention to his dermatologist benign dermatózám. The these uncertainties, there were problems, how to evaluate some of the lesions in wider scale. Fortunately there was a unification of terminology when International Society for the Study of vulvar disease (ISSVD - International Society for the Study of vulvar Disease) uniform classification system published by some of the termsgoverning 1) . Interdisciplinary collaboration, a unified classification and availability "Evidence-based" information is, in my opinion, step in the...
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Precursors of endometrial cancer: screening and prevention
Brabcová, Nela ; Turyna, Radovan (advisor)
Endometrial precancers are a heterogeneous group of abnormal endometrial proliferation; the nature of morphological changes is complex - they affect cell nucleus, cytoplasm and architecture of glands. Precancers may progress in endometrial cancer, which is the most common malignancy after breast cancer in women, and whose incidence has been increasing continuously in economically developed countries in recent years. Precancers pathogenesis is a multifactorial process involving several consecutive events, which are accompanied by biochemical, morphological and cytological changes and which result from changes in cellular genes. According to clinical-pathological findings, the endometrial precancers and cancers were divided into two types. Type I of endometrial neoplasia is called estrogen-dependent, it is adherent to prolonged and unopposed estrogen stimulation causing increased proliferation of the endometrium, then there are spontaneous mutations and there arises atypical endometrial hyperplasia, which is well-known precursor of subsequent invasive cancer. On the contrary type II of endometrial lesions is estrogen-independent arising from atrophic endometrium with no apparent effect of estrogens. In lesions type II, a precursor called endometrial carcinoma in situ is being considered currently. Clinical...
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Gynaecological malignancy - screening and prevention
Svěráková, Martina ; Turyna, Radovan (advisor)
At the beginning of my thesis I am introducing the percentage distribution of malignant tumors of female reproductive tract. Outlines the possibilities and conditions of early detection of tumors, using various diagnostic methods. After the successful discovery of diagnosis follows the establishment of the therapeutic plan, which may consist of radical surgery, or the only preventive dispensarization. 2nd chapter describes the classification of tumors of female genitals, general, where tumors are divided into true and false, histopathologic, which assesse histological type of tumor, its extent and degree of differentiation, and numerical coding, which clearly indicates the tumor number. Chapter 3 shows the possible options of therapy of malignant tumors in the female genital tract. As an essential therapeutic modality for the majority of gynaecological malignant tumors is considered to surgical treatment. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hormone therapy have also application in the treatment of tumors. Different types of prevention, their contents and main objectives are described in Chapter 4. The basic division is the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary. The definition of screening and criteria for the introduction into practice are discussed in the 5th chapter. Precancer is a subject of extensive...
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