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Combustion of renewable liquid fuels
Nejezchleb, Radek ; Skryja, Pavel (referee) ; Kermes, Vít (advisor)
This thesis is concerned with combustion of liquid biofuels, and possibility of using liquid biofuels for lower heat output power units. Overview of basic usable liquid biofuels in Czech Republic is executed in the beginning of the thesis. This part is focused especially on production method and energy effectivity of rape-oil methyl ester (RME) and bioethanol production. Overview of basic atomization method of liquid fuels is executed in next chapters. The focus is stressed on pneumatic atomization, especially effervescent atomization method, which was used in practical experiment. Practical part contains fossil fuel and selected biofuel (RME) combustion test executed on burner testing device. Basic combustion properties was found and test plan was made before executing the test. Various operating conditions are compared in terms of atomization quality, combustion quality and geometrical characteristics of flame. Usability of tested liquid biofuels for lower heat output power units is evaluated in the conclusion.
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The influence of atomizing media on the quality of the combustion of liquid fuels
Bojanovský, Jiří ; Skryja, Pavel (referee) ; Bělohradský, Petr (advisor)
The aim of the present work was to experimentally investigate the influence of atomizing medium on combustion properties of methyl-ester of rapeseed oil. The experiments were carried out in a water-cooled horizontal combustion chamber. The pneumatic atomization using effervescent atomizer was used in test. As atomizing medium compressed air and superheated steam was chosen. The tests were performed at GLR = 15, 20 and 25 %. The experiments were focused on the investigation of the flame characteristics, quality of combustion, emissions, temperature of flue gas, distribution of heat fluxes and stability of combustion. Results revealed that atomization by compressed air is more efficient (approximately by 6 %), on the other hand it leads to higher NO emissions (for 15 mg/mN3 due to higher in-flame temperature).
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Testing of liquid fuels atomizers
Suchánek, Petr ; Skryja, Pavel (referee) ; Kermes, Vít (advisor)
This thesis is dealing with testing of two atomizers in combustion of liquid fuels and natural gas. There is a simple analysis of problems, principles and methods of atomizing liquids executed. Problem of pneumatic atomizing liquids is also described in detail. In the next chapters there is a plan and running of testing processed. Overall behavior of the atomizers and flame is evaluated from the outcome measurement and the power characteristics of atomizers and influence of GLR on the quality of combustion are determined. Overall rating of the testing is presented in conclusion this thesis.
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Rotary drying and sintering kilns
Rafaj, Svatomír ; Hudák, Igor (referee) ; Skryja, Pavel (advisor)
This thesis deals with rotary drying and sintering kilns. The first part focused upon construction of the kilns, kiln processes and the options of technological arrangement of the kilns. The thesis second part presents two experiments. The first one is targeted to find the relation between residence time, kiln rotary speed and kiln slope in longitudinal direction. The examinations analysed individually the relation between kiln rotary speed and residence time and the relation between kiln slope and residence time. Finally, the regression equation describing the relation between holding time, kiln rotary speed and kiln rake was established. The results given by regression equation much closer to the real one then the results given by literature. The difference between real residence time and the regression one is about one minute. The second one is concerned with producing a set of equations with respect of mass and heat balance in case of drying process. The input material was wet crushed tetra packs. There were established technological conditions of the material, necessary burner energy input, heat losses and distribution of heat between material and flue gas. There were taken away almost 80 percent of heat energy by flue gases. The remaining 20 percent was divided between latent heat, material and heat losses through the shell of the rotary kiln.
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The use of fuels from renewable sources and waste
Pořízek, Vít ; Hudák, Igor (referee) ; Skryja, Pavel (advisor)
The main theme of this thesis is available and potential gaseous and liquid alternative biofuels made from biomass and waste. The thesis deals with their detailed description and comparison. The first part covers the basic distribution of biofuels and alternative fuels made from waste. The main part focuses then on the fuels themselves, their properties, production, use and environmental impact. Furthermore, thesis describes legislative issues and fuels are compared from different perspectives. Practical part includes testing of combustion of liquid fuels taken from waste sources. In the next chapters there is executed overview of basic atomization method of liquid fuels and a plan and running of the testing processed. Evaluation of results is based on point of view of suitability for use, the quality of combustion and emission limits.
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Adjustable Laboratory Power Supply
Skryja, Petr ; Kubíček, Michal (referee) ; Šebesta, Jiří (advisor)
The aim of this work is to enlighten the reader with topic of linear power sources and guide him through designing his own adjustable laboratory power supply. Design of adjustable laboratory power supply uses the stabilizer L200 with voltage regulation and current limitation. Device is expanded with digital part (using ATmega8 MCU) to enable peripherals control and measured values processing. The laboratory power supply will be constructed and its parameters will be measured.
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The Influence of the fuel used in the burner for heat transfer in process furnaces
Jaworská, Petra ; Zejda, Vojtěch (referee) ; Skryja, Pavel (advisor)
This diploma thesis is about an influence of technical gases CO2 and N2, that are present in a fuel, over overall combustion process and a flue gas emissions. The first part of this thesis discussed issues like heat transfer, basic process combustion utilities, used technical gases in experimental part and finally description of observed pollutants. Second part of thesis describes the experiments themselves. Experiments were trying to find how selected parameters were influenced by adding 40 mN3/h or 80 mN3/h of inert gases to a flow of natural gas. Observed parameters were namely emission volumes, flame parameters and maximal heat duty. Experiments took place in horizontal water-cooled combustion chamber and were performed on two different types of burners. Evaluation of results confirmed clear connection of inert gases on temperature of flame; the biggest temperature drop was observed while inert gas CO2 was present in fuel. Lowering of temperature spikes also highly influenced presence of NOx in hot flue gas during all performed trials.
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Physical properties and combustion characteristic of fuels
Nejezchleb, Radek ; Skryja, Pavel (referee) ; Kermes, Vít (advisor)
The subject of this bachelor’s thesis is creating an open calculation tool for determination of elementary properties of gas fuels and calculation of basic combustion characteristics. The theoretical part is focused on chemical equations by combustion, basic equations for calculation of process in gases and calculation of heating value, explosive limits and Wobe index. The most used gas fuels are described furthermore. The next part of bachelor’s thesis is focused on oxidant, especially on the calculation of composition of moist air and mixing of air and oxygen. Equations for the computing of enthalpy of gases and adiabatic heating temperature are noted at the end of the theoretical part.
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The influence of the combustion air temperature on parameters of the combustion process
Šimeček, Radek ; Hudák, Igor (referee) ; Skryja, Pavel (advisor)
Tato diplomová práce se zabývá předehřevem spalovacího vzduchu a jeho vlivem na parametry spalovacího procesu. V teoretické části je zpracován přehled nejčastějších znečišťujících látek z průmyslového spalování. Je popsána aktuálně platná relevantní legislativa v Evropské unii a jsou porovnány její implementace do národní legislativy v České republice a v Německu. Dále je provedena klasifikace hořáků z hlediska různých kritérií a rešerše předchozí práce v oblasti předehřevu spalovacího vzduchu. Na zkušebně hořáků byla provedena experimentální studie dvou různých hořáků na zemní plyn při konstantním tepelném příkonu 750 kW se spalovacím vzduchem předehřátým až na 250 °C. Výsledky odhalily pozitivní vliv předehřevu na účinnost spalování. Množství emisí NOx a CO naopak rostlo s teplotou spalovacího vzduchu.
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Design of combustion chamber 30 kW for gaseous fuels
Rychter, Aleš ; Hudák, Igor (referee) ; Skryja, Pavel (advisor)
Master thesis deals with design of combusting chamber for gaseous fuels with predicted thermal output less than 30 kilowatts. Designed equipment will be used as a generator of flue gases with required parameters further used for experimental catalytic unit. Due to the need of draft creation inside the combustion chamber and exhaust pipe is master thesis also deals with design of ejector nozzle, which will be used for this purpose. Opening chapters of this work, considering a theoretical part, are focused on basic classification of combustion chambers and industrial burners. Next and main chapter is dedicated to main goal of this work, which is combustion chamber design, containing necessary calculations divided into balance calculation and construction design. Final chapters deals with above mentioned calculation of ejector nozzle ensuring sufficient draft and also sufficient cooling of flue gases incoming from catalytic unit.
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