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Do Information Cascades Arise Easier under Time Pressure? Experimantal Approach.
Cingl, Lubomír ; Bauer, Michal (advisor) ; Pertold, Filip (referee)
Information cascades as a form of rational herding help to explain real-life phenomena such as fads, fashion, creation of 'bubbles' in financial markets or conformity in general. In this paper I attempt to model propensity to herd and infer its relationship to time-pressure by conducting a laboratory experiment. I let subjects perform a simple cognitive task under different treatment conditions and levels of time pressure with the possibility to herd. The order of decision-making is endogenous and the task is not probabilistic. Rather, I impose uncertainty of private signal by different levels of time pressure. This is expected to make participants prone to imitate the behavior of others. Apart from that I examine the effect of reputation (also called endorsement effect) as an addition to the public pool of information, which is expected to increase the probability to herd. The main findings are that propensity to herd was not significantly influenced by different levels of time pressure. Information cascades arose, but never in a perfect form. Personality traits measured by the Big Five protocol contribute considerably to the explanation of the model, but their relationship is not straightforward. Heart-rate increased during performance of a task, but was not correlated to subjectively stated...
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Adolescents substance use : identifying factors influencing alcohol consumption among high school students in the Czech Republic
Mandelíková, Martina ; Pertold, Filip (advisor) ; Strecker, Ondřej (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on indicating the factors, which influence the participation in adolescent substance use. Possibly important factors are identified based on the previous researches dealing with the same topic. The effect of these factors is then tested with the empirical model. This thesis deals with a dataset from the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs done at the Czech high schools among freshmen and juniors. Since the results in dependence on sex and class year are expected to be different, the regression is run separately. The most significant factors are for all cases: the smoking experience, the age of the first intoxication, and the share of friends who already consume alcohol.
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Short-time work and related measures to mitigate the consequences of a (partial) economic shutdown
Mittag, Nikolas ; Pertold, Filip
The objective of this document is to provide a basic foundation to think about the merits, alternatives and policy design choices of short-time work policies. The first section characterizes the motivation for short-term work and the types of costs that it can help to reduce or cause. The second section briefly overviews key policy alternatives and their merits, to lay out where short-time work has the potential to be useful, and what alternative tools can amend or replace it. This is followed by an overview of short-time work policies from the last recession and key lessons learned from that experience. The document closes with an overview of short-time work policies already enacted in response to the current economic situation. The main aim of this document is to draw general policy conclusions for the current situation in the Czech Republic based on the reviews and considerations in the first two sections. Section 3 will attempt to do so. Readers who are primarily interested in specific policies or those familiar with the literature on short-time work may want to go straight to Section 3.
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Do women face a glass ceiling at home? The division of household labor among dual-earner couples
Lichard, Tomáš ; Pertold, Filip ; Škoda, S.
In this paper we ask how the division of household labor varies across heterosexual dual-earner couples with different relative wages with a focus on differences between Southern and Western Europe. Using the EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions we first show that high income married or cohabiting women do twice as much housework as single women in Southern Europe. Further, their time spent in household production relative to their spouses’ time in Southern Europe is the same regardless of their relative wages, while in Western Europe we find positive elasticity of substitution in household production with respect to relative wages. We thus present positive evidence for the presence of a “second-shift” that women face in Southern Europe, which may stem from regional gender norms. Our findings hold after instrumenting for relative wages using the relative wages of similar socio-economic groups in other countries.
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Do higher wages produce career politicians? Evidence from two discontinuity designs
Palguta, J. ; Pertold, Filip
Wages paid to politicians affect both the selection of candidates into electoral races and the on-the-job performance incentives of incumbents. We differentiate between selection and incentive effects using two regression discontinuity designs based on: 1) population thresholds shifting politicians' wages and 2) electoral seat thresholds splitting candidates into those who narrowly won or lost. We find that higher wages do not increase the electoral incumbency advantage, suggesting that the incentive effect of higher wages does not impact re-election rates. We further show that higher wages motivate narrowly elected incumbents to run again much less often than past narrowly non-elected candidates.
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The impacts of introducing the waiting period in 2008 for sick leave
Pertold, Filip
The government of the Czech Republic has approved a plan to cancel the so-called waiting period – the policy of not paying any sick pay during the first three days of sick leave from work. This study summarises the most important findings of Filip Pertold’s research paper about the short term impacts of the sick pay reform that introduced the waiting period, i.e. reduced the amount of sick pay for the first three days of sick leave taken in 2008 to zero.
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The impact of higher wages of politicians on municipal elections
Palguta, Ján ; Pertold, Filip
This study investigates whether raising local representatives’ pay has the potential to motivate\ncitizens to stand for election and thus improve the selection of elected councillors. We look\nat the influence pay has on the number of political subjects that enter the election (i.e. on the political competition), and at the selection of representatives in terms of their education, previous profession, gender and age. To identify the causal effects of salaries, we use the existence of sharp increases in the salaries paid to mayors based on municipality size.\n
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Obesity in the Czech Republic: an international comparison using data from the SHARE project
Pertold, Filip ; Šatava, Jiří
The World Health Organization considers obesity to be one of the greatest challenges for\npublic health in the 21st century. On the basis of data from SHARE, we show that Czechs aged\n50-70 years have a high rate of obesity (BMI > 29,99) in comparison with other countries.\nIn 2015 around 35 % of older men in the Czech Republic suffered from obesity, that is almost\ntwice as high as the rate in Italy or Switzerland and more than 50 % higher than the rate\nin Western European countries (c. 23 %).
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