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Quality of drink water in Moravian-Silesian region
Diblíková, Michaela ; Navrátilová, Jana (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
The objective of this work was determination of quality of waters made and spent in Moravskoslezský region by methods using Morava a. s laboratory. At interval from 2005 to 2006 was provided by the statistic analysis of accoplishments, that the maximum of pollution is microbial origin firstly by bacteries of Enterobacteriaceae tribe (coliform bacteries a E. coli). Chemical pollution was mainly provided by amonia ionts and by nitrates. It can may be contamination effect of inside or surface flows by fertilizers or septic tank wastes infiltrative.
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Characterization of selected yeast strains from the environment
Bečková, Alena ; Omelková, Jiřina (referee) ; Vránová, Dana (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis deals with identification type-yeasts, which were obtained from the Culture Collection SAV in Bratislava. The purpose is extension of yeast database in laboratory of Faculty of Chemistry, which is used by identification yeasts in samples taken from food or environment. Identification of yeasts was implemented by method PCR-RFLP. Obtained segment is located in area 5,8S-ITS and is defined by using primers ITS1 and ITS4. Restriction analysis was carried out by restriction endonucleasis HaeIII, HinfI, HhaI and TaqI. Chosen species were also tested for presence of extracellular lipasis. In this part of characterisation was used SpiritBlue Agar. The presence of blue colour is lost by activity of lipasis.
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Principles and utilization of cosmetotextiles
Škrabalová, Lada ; Omelková, Jiřina (referee) ; Zemanová, Jana (advisor)
The aim of this thesis is to create a literature review about cosmetotextile. Cosmetotextile is the combination of the cosmetic industry and the textile industry. The future of the textile industry is represented by the progress of new kinds of technical textiles, that are based on revolutionary technologies, innovative materials and utilization. This means developement of new products with high added-value properties, for example application of antimicrobial and UV-protective agents, fragrances, anti-cellulite treatments or skin softeners. Such textile finishes are both important commercial target and challenge for technical developement. This thesis focuses on the field of intelligent textiles and combination of textile and cosmetics. It digests agents, that are used and their effects and describes the principle of microencapsulation, which is a very important principle applied here.
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Study of Polycaprolactone Biodegradability
Chamradová, Ivana ; Omelková, Jiřina (referee) ; Voběrková, Stanislava (advisor)
Aliphatic polyesters represent a group of degradable polymeric materials. These materials found their utilization almost in biomedical applications and as packing materials. In the theoretical part, the literature review on enzymatic and microbial degradation research of poly(?-caprolactone)(PCL) is summarized . In the experimental part, the methodology of biodegradation testing of PCL was formed and a series of experiments with a Bacillus Subtilis and Aspergilus-Lipase was carried out. Polymeric samples of Mn = 19 300 the film form with 100 µm thickness and 1 cm diameter were subjected to enzymatic degradation. Samples with 3 cm diameter were exposed to microbial degradation by the "solution casting" method. Biodegradable process was interpreted on the basis of changes of the molecular weight, melting point, crystallinity and changes on the surface of polymeric materials.
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Importance and utilization of cellulases
Stuchlíková, Olga ; Babák, Libor (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
The theoretical part of my bachelor thesis focuses on studying plant cells and polysaccharides, from which the cell wall is made of. The main attention is held on cellulose. Secondly, cellulases and microorganisms, which produce these enzymes, are mentioned. This work also deals with the actual use of cellulases in industry and agriculture. The last chapter of the theoretical part is devoted to immobilization, immobilized enzymes and their use in practice. The practical part of my bachelor thesis focuses on determination of basic properties of commercially used enzyme Celluclast 1.5 L. The temperature and pH optimum and temperature and pH stability were determined experimentally. The attention is also held on immobilization of these cellulases on synthetically prepared carrier „Sorsilen“. Subsequently, basic characteristics were determined as well as for soluble form of commercial enzyme.
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Isolation, Identification and Characterisation of Microbial Communities of Wine and Selected Foods
Šuranská, Hana ; Španová, Alena (referee) ; Jarošová, Alžběta (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
Proposed dissertation thesis deals with wine and artisanal cheeses microbiology. The first part is focused on identification of yeasts isolated from grapes and musts during production of white and red wines. The grape varieties were grown under the integrated and organic farming on Moravian vineyard. Yeasts were identified by ITS-PCR-RFLP method (amplifying internal transcribed spacer ITS: ITS1, ITS2 and 5.8S rDNA) and unknown species were subjected to partial sequencing of ITS rDNA region. In total, 524 isolates were divided into 14 different species belonging to six genus were identified from. The first stages of fermentation process were characterised by predominance of non-saccharomyces species especially H. uvarum. Due to increased ethanol concentration strains of S. cerevisiae prevailed in the later phases of the process. Further, partial aim of this study was to isolate and to apply selected autochthonous S. cerevisiae strains as starter culture during controlled industrial wine fermentation process. Genus Saccharomyces was distinguished from other non-saccharomyces species by ITS-PCR-RFLP. Further, in order to distinguish Saccharomyces genus at the species and the strain level, several molecular methods were applied including PCR-fingerprinting (rep- and RAPD-PCR), species-specific primers (multiplex and touchdown PCR), LSU-DGGE and interdelta PCR. Species-specific primers enabled us to distinguish some species of the Saccharomyces sensu stricto complex. Furthermore, interdelta PCR seems to be useful tool for S. cerevisiae strains identification. Among 120 isolated autochthonous strains belonging to Saccharomyces genus, 45 different strains were identified. Based on its sufficient technological properties (osmo- and ethanol tolerance, low H2S production etc.), S. cerevisiae 1-09 strain isolated from grape berries coming from moravian vineyard was chosen. Strain S. cerevisiae 1-09 was tested in small amount of must and after that also during industrial fermentation of red and white wine production. Based on the results of chemical and sensorial analysis, the strain seems to be suitable for application as the starter culture for winemaking process. The final part of this thesis is focused on quantification and identification of the yeasts isolated from artisanal cheeses and their by-products coming from Western Balkan Countries. Isolated species were identified by ITS-PCR-RFLP, partial sequencing and by physiological tests. Among the 20 yeast species found, D. hansenii, C. zeylanoides and Y. lipolytica were found to be predominant. Moreover, we developed culture-independent, semi-quantitative technique based on construction of ITS-clone library from metagenomic DNA to investigate complex fungal communities associated with artisanal cheeses and their by-products. Novel technique is based on direct extraction of total DNA from the sample. This was compared with culture-dependent ITS-PCR-RFLP and culture-independent LSU-DGGE methods. The results highlighted the discrepancies among these methods. Finally, the divergences among applied methods were confirmed by correlation analysis and by indices of general biodiversity and dominance of species. ITS-clone library approach combines the advantages of cultivation-based analysis and LSU-DGGE with semi-quantification of fungal species without the requirement of their cultivation. This study might open new perspectives in direct and complex analysis of yeasts and moulds in food matrices.
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Vegetable processing and production of ketchup
Popelová, Nikola ; Valicová, Markéta (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
The aim of the theoretical part of this bachelor thesis is describe vegetable processing and production of ketchup. The experimental part is divided into two parts. In the first part ketchup was subjected to the chemical analysis. Batches of ketchups were taken. Refraction, salt content, acid content, pH, colour and consistency were measured in those batches. In the second part the microbiological analysis was performed in products which were bought in a shop. The microbiological analysis included determination of the microbiological sanitariness of the final product, effect of ambient temperature on storage ketchup, contamination of the final product by microorganisms and effect of the final product on the growth of selected microorganisms. Results obtained by laboratory analysis suited required values and confirmed the quality of raw material and good manufacturing and laboratory practices.
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Identification of yeasts from interspecific varieties of grapes
Sadel, Peter ; Omelková, Jiřina (referee) ; Vránová, Dana (advisor)
The main goal of my diploma thesis was to identify and characterize yeasts from must Hibernal and also collection yeasts by using methods called RFLP-PCR (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism - Polymerase Chain Reaction). Theory was the first part of my diploma thesis which dealt with wine, yeasts and molecular methods. Theory section was followed by experimental section divided into two parts. The main goal of the first part was to characterize and identify yeasts from must Hibernal by using PCR and RFLP-PCR methods. In the samples there were found yeasts Saccharomyces and Pichia. The second experimental part of my diploma thesis had a goal to extend the database of new yeasts using the same methods mentioned in the first part of experimental section.
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Prospects of Microbial Degradation and Waste Utilization from Food Processing Industry
Illková, Kateřina ; Karovičová, Jolana (referee) ; Jarošová, Alžběta (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
This work deals with the problem of microbial degradation of the waste materials from food industry. This work is focused on the production of technological significant enzymes producing by microorganisms, which were able to use the waste as a sole carbon source. In the first part of this work, the attention was focused on the production of pectolytic enzymes. This part was made within study interships in Slovak Academy of Sciences, department of Glycomics in Bratislava. The grape pomace as the waste form winegrowing was used as a sole carbon source for microbial growth and enzymes production. The production of pectolytic enzymes was tested on this waste. After screening the most suitable microorganisms was chosen with the highest production of polygalacturonase activity. Produced enzymes were isolated by extraction techniques, purified and then identified proteomically. The aim of the second part of this work was the waste water treatment containing lipids and lipolytic enzymes. The reason was the cooperation with the company constructing grease traps. The characterization of supplied commercial preparations was the subject of this work and the other reason was the characterization of conditions for lipases secreting by microorganisms, identification of microorganisms present in the commercial preparation and testing of new microbial cultures for the development of new preparation for the grease traps.
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The application of microorganisms to the degradation of lipids
Vaňásek, Jakub ; Voběrková, Stanislava (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the study of commercial products for degradation of lipids in waste water. This commercial products contain microorganisms with lipolytic activity. Theoretical part of this thesis describes lipids, lipases, mikroorganisms which produce lipolytic enzymes and basical principles of cleaning of waste water. In this part analytical methods of lipids isolation are presented too. The practical part of this thesis is concerned with the study of three commercial products. These products were tested for the content of microflora. Subsequently the restriction analysis was performed. Using this method the microorganisms were identified as Bacillus sp. Furthermore the growth curves were determined. This curves show growth of biomass. Then the pH during cultivation and lipolytic activity of microorganisms were determined. Lipolytic activity was determined by spectrofotometric method with using of p-nitrophenyllaurate.
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