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The (ab)use of ontological insecurity as an instrument of political mobilization and power-consolidation/legitimization within the Visegrad countries since 2015
Balazs, Akos ; Michálek, Luděk (advisor) ; Butler, Eamonn (referee) ; McDonagh, Ken (referee)
This dissertation scrutinizes how immigration has been constructed as an ontological security issue by the member states of the Visegrád group (Hungary, Poland, Czechia and Slovakia) between 2015 and 2020 employing ontological security theory andtheCopenhagen'sschoolsecuritizationframeworkas theoreticallensfortheanalysis.Thepaper'scentralargumentisthattheVisegrádcountries'approach to the question of immigration is fundamentally different than the Western European states' perception owing to their discrepant historical experiences. The thesis analyses each member of the Visegrád group independently through four prisms in order to provide an all-encompassing understanding about the particular characteristics of migration in each country. The analysis reveals that whereas some common attributes do exist among the member states (e.g. unwavering rejection oftheEuropeanUnion'squotamechanismortheexistenceofpronouncedxenophobicattitudes),their approach to immigration also shows striking discrepancies. Keywords: ontological security, securitization, immigration, migrant crisis, quota mechanism
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The Russian Federation in front of the 21st century security challenges: Cooperation or confrontation
Mkrtchyan, Mikhail ; Michálek, Luděk (advisor) ; Solovyeva, Anzhelika (referee)
The past two decades have led to dramatic changes in Russian foreign policy, shifting it from post- communist democratization to the path of aggressive revisionism and confrontation with the West. These changes are, to greater degree, regarded with Russian President Vladimir Putin's strategic vision on Russia's future. Since 2007, Russian revisionist foreign actions progressively led to confrontation with the West, which culminated in March 2014 amid Russian annexation of Crimea. The work discusses a number of aspects the Russia-West confrontation such as economic sanctions, nuclear proliferation, proxy wars and current rapidly evolving military escalation at the Ukrainian borders. This also includes Russia's security demands presented to the United States and NATO on 17 December 2021. Simultaneously, this work attempts to connect the role of Western sanctions in worsening of domestic issues inside of Russia such as declining demography, poverty and corruption. In addition, the thesis indicates unnecessary securitization of the Russia- West and Russia-NATO relationships. At the same time, the thesis attempts to show a number of the structural level threats that should be securitized by Russia. These challenges are growing Pan- Turkism and risks of strategic partnership with China, which may pose a...
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African Early Warning Systems: Challenges and Prospects for African Security Integration
Lutz, Luca Marius ; Michálek, Luděk (advisor) ; Karásek, Tomáš (referee)
In the course of past decades, the African Union has sought to strengthen continental security integration and joint governance, wherefore many early warning and security institutions emerged. However, little research has been done to explore the institutional landscape. This thesis aims to bridge the literacy gaps and investigate the ways African early warning institutions constitute challenges or prospects to security integration efforts. The continental level evaluates how integration is affected through various African early warning institutions. The regional level analyses how early warning institutions' methodologies influence sub-regional integration efforts. Lastly, the national level elaborates why African national intelligence and security sectors are determined by authoritarian governance. Similar to the three (continental, regional, national) research questions, this thesis is divided into three levels of analysis. First, the continental level evaluates the Continental Early Warning Systems' institutional struggle with its Regional Early Warning Systems and other organisations within and beyond the African Peace and Security Architecture. Second, the regional level examines the concepts and methodologies behind the six Regional Early Warning Systems for common features and differences....
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Crowd psychology and its impact on individuals
Klimešová, Aneta ; Hubinková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Michálek, Luděk (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the psychology of the crowd and its impact on the individual. The main aim of this work is to understand the general characteristics of the crowd and to apply this knowledge to the shopping crowd and determine the factors that influence an individual in the shopping crowd the most. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part illustrates the characteristics of collective behavior and of the crowd and the factors influencing the crowd in general terms and in terms of the shopping crowd. The practical part is focused on the shopping crowd and is composed of two parts. The first part contains a survey dealing with the mob behavior when purchasing, and its evaluation. The questionnaire of both genders and all age groups was used as a main part of survey. The second part based on outcomes of the theoretical part, survey and data from the media sets the factors influencing the behavior of the shopping crowd. The analysis concludes with a comprehensive evaluation of the thesis.
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