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Civilization diseases and their sociological interpretation
Vottová, Lucie ; Háva, Petr (advisor) ; Kružík, Lubomír (referee)
This thesis aims to offer comprehensive overview of fundamental causes of chronic diseases with focus on social determinants of health, and brief detour to the evolution of approaches to health and illnes from the beginning of 20th Century, where the biomedical model dominated, till now where his place took psychosocial model which considers the health from holistic approach. As the main determinants of health are considered: stress, with focus on frustration from physically or mentally demanding job with low reward (high-effort/low-reward model); social gradient and related relative deprivation, according to which it is not essential how much we have for constitute our feeling of self-worth, but how much we have in reference to others; social support and social cohesion which functions as buffer against the stressor; and the early life development, effects of which can be seen later in life. There could be many more determinants listed but for the purpose of this paper, I chose only these few which I consider universally valid. In conclusion I argue whether one's health is his/her own responsibility or if in today's world this responsibility became society's.
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Discussion of research priorities of socio-economic determinants of obesity
Voglová, Daniela ; Háva, Petr (advisor) ; Kružík, Lubomír (referee)
This work follows the studies focused on obesity, its global extent and its serious health and economic impact. At the same time, the work examines the unsuccessful fight of public policies which try to reverse growing prevalence of obesity. Nevertheless, the main goal of the thesis is a discussion about priorities of new orientation in the research on the causes of the obesity epidemic and effectiveness of precautions that were taken in many countries and international organizations with the main aim to stop the obesity and its consequences. The discussion leads to the more detailed description of the problems connected with obesity, for instance, environmental aspects, housing culture in relation to physical activities, lifestyle in relation to advertisement/marketing, psychological and socio- psychological aspects, combating stress, etc. My intention was to find out utility of contemporary research on obesity for setting of policy fighting against obesity. At the same time, I wanted to find out other possible directions in the research into this field and discover how the discussion about priorities of the research in the experimental community proceeds. Two international dimensions of paradigmatic approaches separated to the certain degree can be considered as relevant with regard to the global...
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Why does the United States spend more on its health care than other coutries?
Winzbergerová, Alžběta ; Háva, Petr (advisor) ; Kružík, Lubomír (referee)
This thesis will be an institutional analysis of histrical development of the health care system in the United States of America since 1930s. Within the analysis a huge emphasis will be given to the potencial influence of the american political culture and the specific legislative process in the United States. The theoretical approach used in this thesis is the historical institutionalism together with the concept called path dependecy. The main aim of this final thesis is to identify crucial events determining or having any influence on the present form of the health care system in the US and to find the possible causes having an effect on the amount of the total health care expenditures
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Development of Czech medical law in the context of health-related human rights
Teršová, Tereza ; Háva, Petr (advisor) ; Kružík, Lubomír (referee)
Diploma thesis "Development of Czech medical law in the context of health-related human rights" deals with Czech medical law and its development after the year 1989 in connection with the human rights. Also this thesis deals with the area of human rights with their relation to health, especially in the time of the current health reforms. The aim of the thesis is, based on the analysis of the current findings, to find out the deficits of the protection of human rights regarding the modernization of health law and to identify the reasons of the failure of the implementation of the norms and laws concerning the human rights and their connection to health in the Czech legal system.
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The role of the non-profit sector in the mental health care
Panchartková, Veronika ; Čabanová, Bohumila (advisor) ; Kružík, Lubomír (referee)
This diploma thesis called "The role of the nonprofit sector in the mental health care" deals with problems expressed in the context of nongovernmental organizations that are regarded as a significant stakeholder very important actors in the issue of mental disease. Besides the state that creates predominantly political conception concerning mental health and also mostly ensures some constituents of mental health care (i.e. in the psychiatric asylums) there is also nonprofit sector playing an important role. We can observe its importance on the level of creation of the new mental health conceptions as well as on the level of response to the continuing process of deinstitutionalization of psychiatric care manifested in wider approach to mental disease and moreover its services with which the nonprofit sector completes and sometimes substitutes the role of the state. This thesis firstly deals with the mental disease as the integral part of the complex state of health of each of us, which importance is often underestimated and consequently insufficiently reflected in mental health policy in the ČR (and not only here) which should follow the world wide trend of finding out the negative consequences of mental diseases. After grounding the nonprofit sector in social and legal frame I continue in analyzing and...
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Health Status of Russian Population and its Determinants
Vágnerová, Zdenka ; Háva, Petr (advisor) ; Kružík, Lubomír (referee)
Process of social and economical transformation after the dissolution of the Soviet Union brought a significant decrease in demographic indicators and deterioration of the health status of Russian population. Among the main problems are: Increasing death rate in all age groups Decreasing life expectancy, low healthy life expectancy High number of infant deaths in comparison with advanced countries. Increasing number of cases of infectious diseases In the first part of this study is given an analysis on health status and demographic indicators of Russian population and their development in the 90's. Statistical data are analyzed in historical prospective and in comparison with indicators for EU and CIS members states. Significant part is also devoted to description of the factors (socialeconomical, health care, healthy life style and environmental), which are believed to have a significant impact on health status on the individual and also national level, according to WHO definition of health and concept of determinants of health. In second part of this study are discussed the main risk factors and hypothesis, which are explaining the deterioration of health of Russian citizens. There are several theories for this dramatic decrease in life expectancy. One sees a connection between the low life...
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