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n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in prevention of cardiovascular diseases
Pavelka, Jan ; Kraml, Pavel (advisor) ; Černá, Milena (referee)
Clinical trials have documented beneficial effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on health. Regular dietary intake of n-3 PUFAs decreases the risk of cardiovascular dieseas. n-3 PUFAs may be a safe and effective supplement to drug treatment for reducing the risk of myocardial infarction, arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. n-3 PUFAs show antiatherogenic properties; e.g. they decrease inflammation, stabilize atherosclerotic plaques and prevent other chronic deseases. For primary prevention it is recommended to eat fish at least twice a week, people with documented coronary heart disease should consume 1 gram of n-3 PUFAs daily. Fish oil and oily fish (losos, tuna, trout, mackerel) are rich in EPA and DHA. ALA is found e.g. in flax seed oil.
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Diagnostics of subclinical atherosclerosis
Včelák, Jan ; Kraml, Pavel (advisor)
Atherosclerosis and its occurrence has become a highly actual problem of the industrial world. Statistics clearly show that 50% of deaths in the Czech Republic is caused by cardiovascular diseases associated with atherosclerosis. The sooner we are able to diagnose it's early stages, the sooner adequate therapy can be initiated in order to slower the progression of already existing atherosclerotic lesions. The methods that help to diagnose asymptomatic atherosclerosis contain especially the carotid ultrasound, the coronary calcium score and ankle-brachial-index. Carotid or aortic calcifications can be also randomly found on general chest X-ray, however. Advantage of these methods is their non-invasiveness and the instant availability of results. Additionally, the costs are relatively low (with exception of CCS). All methods require adequate equipment and knowledge.
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Metabolism of Iron And Insulin Resistance
Křenovský, Pavel ; Kraml, Pavel (advisor)
Thesis topic "The metabolism of iron and insulin resistance" gives an overview of the current problem of the metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance as a major component of the syndrome X. There is mentioned classification criteria for the MS, including the most recent in 2005 by IDF (International Diabetes Federation). The paper examines the mechanism of action of insulin at the cellular level, with an emphasis on "locus minorit resistentiae" in postreceptor signaling cascade of insulin in relation to the emergence of insulin resistance. Conclusion The first chapter is devoted to one of the most complex methods of prevention of insulin resistance - physical activity, the expression of molecular mechanisms affecting the IR due to exercise. The second chapter we give to the problems of iron metabolism. Particular attention is paid to the absorption of iron and regulate its metabolism, which is very much applied fairly recently discovered peptide hepcidin. Conclusion Chapter preventive recommendations are due to adverse effects of excessive stocks of iron in the body in terms of insulin sensitivity. There is mentioned also the findings of several studies exploring the relationship of metabolic syndrome and its major components, including insulin resistance with regard to the amount of iron stored and...
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Role of Homocysteine in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis
Králová, Dagmar ; Kraml, Pavel (advisor)
This theme was chosen because although atherosclerosis, or its clinical consequences, is one of the leading causes of death in our society, awareness of other risk factors than those the most famous is relatively small, which leads to frequent errors. on the following lines I will try to present current knowledge about the impact and the effects of homocysteine, one of the "minor" risk factors that is starting to enjoy more and more attention.
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Mutant apo A-I in treatment of chronic arterial closure and prevention of atherosclerosis
Simonides, Jan ; Kraml, Pavel (advisor)
The topic of my thesis "mutant apoA-I in the treatment of chronic arterial occlusions and prevention of atherosclerosis "falls into the area which I long-term interest. I have always been interested in is rather an internal issue and to especially the treatment of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and prevention. This thesis has helped me to better orient in such a wide issues such as atherosclerosis, pathogenesis, and treatment with the latest procedures, although in some cases, while only experimental.
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