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The yield loss of maize (Zea mays L.) grown for grain when the plants are mechanically damaged
Lujc, J. ; Cerkal, R. ; Dvořák, J. ; Vejražka, K. ; Kamler, Jiří
Deficit of water, oxygen and a low temperature are the main stress factors in crop fields. From biotic stress factors, pathogenic microorganisms, but also many species of animals as evolutionary advanced herbivores, cause serious plants damage. The impact of three different intensities of leaf damage (not damaged, damaged by 25% and 50%, also by 75% in 2005) on the maize yield of hybrid varieties Reseda and Ribera was monitored in a field experiment founded in 2004 and 2005 in locality Žabčice (corn production region, zone K2, average altitude 184). The rising intensity of the leaf area reduction negatively influenced the economic grain yield. However, the yield differences were not statistically significant. Decisive differences in TGW values were not established among individual variants, nor were observed significant changes in the weight of cobs and the grain ratio.
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The evaluation of yield losses after simulated defoliation
Cerkal, R. ; Dvořák, J. ; Kamler, Jiří ; Vejražka, K. ; Šejnohová, H.
We evaluated the importance of field crops for the ungulate game species. The large herbivores exploit the field crops at the different intensity according to crop species, season, feeding strategy, human disturbance in the forest etc. The field crops are generally not too important as a food resource for wild ungulate species and in the environment with sufficiency of herb and shrub layer in the forest environment they prefer native diet components.
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Free living ungulates and field crops
Kamler, Jiří ; Dvořák, J. ; Heroldová, Marta ; Homolka, Miloslav
We evaluated the importance of field crops for the ungulate game species. The large herbivores exploit the field crops at the different intensity according to crop species, season, feeding strategy, human disturbance in the forest etc. The field crops are generally not too important as a food resource for wild ungulate species and in the environment with sufficiency of herb and shrub layer in the forest environment they prefer native diet components.
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Evaluation of field crops damagecaused by game
Cerkal, R. ; Dvořák, J. ; Kamler, Jiří ; Vejražka, K.
We evaluated the importance of field crops for ungulate game species. The large herbivores exploit the field crops at the different intensity according to crop species, season, feeding strategy, human disturbance in the forest etc. Field crops are generally not very important as a food resource for wild ungulate species; in the environment with sufficiency of herb and shrub layer in the forest environment they prefer native diet components.
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The natural seasonal changes in the food choice and digestive tract of wild ruminants
Kamler, Jiří ; Homolka, Miloslav
Herbivore populations all over Europe have been strongly influenced by human activities. A combination of harvest, changes in forest structure, supplementary feeding, predator extirpation and others factors have led in most cases to increases of their populations and a severe impact on the composition and structure of the forest vegetation. The food choice of free living ungulate species is strongly influenced by season and animal species and changes in diet composition and quality cause the changes in the digestive tract. Effective management of ungulate populations and forest ecosystems should be based not only on detailed information about the impact of deer browsing and the number of deer to harvest but also on the density of deer species, the food supply, the structure of diets consumed by individual species, attraction and quality of the individual components of food supply the total quality of food taken and seasonal changes in digestive tract.
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Evaluating production and quality losses from game damage in spring barley
Dvořák, J. ; Cerkal, R. ; Kamler, Jiří ; Šejnohová, H.
During a field trial in locality Žabčice in the year 2004 the effect of different damages of plants on yield and quality of the barley variety Amulet was detected by the method Latin square. Plants were damaged in three intensities (not damaged, damaged 25% and damaged 50%). From result is evident the decline of both economic production and production of front corn in the case, that was damaged 50% of the leaf area of the plants in the beginning of stem extension stage (by 6,7% or 6,6% in comparison to non damaged area), but better ratio of corn to straw was found out (0,93). The stress of the plants induced by the damage did not caused neither any significant changes in the content of selected chemical component in the corn, nor decline of the content extractive matter in the malt.
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