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Reuse and energy potential of greywater
Bartoník, A. ; Holba, Marek ; Plotěný, K. ; Vrána, J. ; Ošlejšková, M.
Greywater is the leftover water from baths, showers, hand basins and washing machines only, what implies that it is free of faeces and urine. Greywater can be recycled on-site (called white water) for flushing toilets, urinals, landscape irrigation and constructed wetlands. The heat energy reuse from greywater has been recently discussed as a hot issue. Paper deals with the new British Standard BS 8525-1(2) that introduce the issue of greywater in buildings, as well as progress in the new Czech standard preparation. A various technologocial designs are introduced including return of investment analyses.
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Using of flow cytometry for the detection of bacterial filtration efficiency in (waste)water treatment processes
Mikula, Přemysl ; Lev, J. ; Kalhotka, L. ; Holba, Marek ; Kimmer, D. ; Maršálek, Blahoslav ; Vítězová, M.
Aim of the study was to detect filtration efficiency of several (nano)materials used for the filtration/removal of E. coli bacteria or natural bacterial communities from water samples. Filtration efficiency was evaluated by commonly used culticvation techniques as well as by flow cytometry (FCM). Although filtration efficiency of certain nanomaterials detected by cultivation was very high (>99%), it was demonstarted that sample filtration does not have to lead to significant decline of total bacterial counts measured by FCM. From this viewpoint FCM can be considered as a suitable analytical method for the assessment of wastewater treatment processess efficiency, which, compared to cultivation techniques, possess some disadvantages (difficult standardization) but also has several advantages (speed, more realistic measurement conditions).
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Appropriate technology for recycling of phosphorus from surface water and wastewater
Holba, Marek ; Maršálek, Blahoslav ; Maršálková, Eliška ; Plotěný, Miroslav
There were identified the sources of phosphorus, which should be used to maximize the recycling procedures. To achieve these improvements new recycling technologies were introduced. Currently, there are quite a wide range of technology solutions, where every solution has its pros and cons. And no technology shows itself as clearly the best solution. However in the modern world are technologies focused on recycling procedures of phosphorus in the form of struvite and processing of sewage sludge. While for developing countries appears to be the most appropriate technology based on the separation of urine and manure from livestock.
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