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Comprehensive chemical analysis of blood coatings
Matěcha, Tadeáš ; Kučková, Štěpánka (advisor) ; Kolář, Karel (referee)
This thesis deals with the comprehensive chemical analysis of blood coatings using mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy. The theoretical part focuses first on the history of use, properties, and formulations of blood coatings, then on their composition, which is divided into protein and non-protein components, as well as on selected analytical methods used for their identification. In the experimental part, 41 model samples and 2 real samples are evaluated and discussed. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (nano-LC-ESI-Q-TOF MS) was used to identify the protein component in all samples. Determination of the quantitative abundance of each type of protein additive in the blood coatings was performed based on the number of peptides found originating from proteins typical for specific protein additives. Furthermore, it was possible to identify the amino acid sequences that allow to determine the animal origin of the blood used. The non-protein components of all samples were identified by infrared spectroscopy, specifically by the attenuated total reflection and diffuse reflectance techniques. The quantitative analyses based on the change of the intensities of the measured spectra was also discussed. A special chapter is devoted to the identification of animal glue and to the...
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Protein analysis of selected nuts by mass spectrometry
Kadeřábková, Lucie ; Kučková, Štěpánka (advisor) ; Chroustová, Kateřina (referee)
This bachelor thesis investigates the possibility of differentiation of certain kinds of nuts with the help of mass spectrometry used in protein analysis. The theoretical part provides an overview of nuts - their morphology, systematics, and their nutritional value. It also reports on the benefits and risks of their consumption. The theoretical part concludes with analytic methods for protein analysis in general and touches on specific studies related to the research of nuts. The experimental part solely reflects on the protein composition of nuts. Eleven different samples of nuts were used, the specimens were very finely ground, and their proteins were broken down by the enzyme trypsin. Afterwards with the use of mass spectrometry MALDI-TOF (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight) mass spectrum of each sample was obtained. These spectra were later analysed with the use of PCA (Principal Component Analysis) to simplify them for easier comparison. The PCA based comparison was successful, therefore further evaluation was conducted. A next goal was to obtain unique m/z values for each nut that was also successful. In addition, a more specific method of mass spectrometry LC-ESI-Q-TOF (Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Ionization Quadrupole Time-of-Flight) was able to identify...
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Analysis of natural organic dyes and pigments by mass spectrometry
Stýblová, Marie ; Hrdličková Kučková, Štěpánka (advisor) ; Čapek Adamec, Martin (referee)
This thesis named "Analysis of natural organic dyes and pigments by mass spectrometry" investigates the identification of selected natural organic dyes and pigments by qualitative Laser Desorption/Ionisation - Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry analysis (LDI-TOF MS). The advantage of LDI-TOF MS method is its quick and reliable identification of low molecular weight material without preparatory chemical or time-consuming modification of samples. This method can be used for the analysis of works of art or for verifying their authenticity thanks to requiring only a little amount of sample. The LDI-TOF MS was tested on 19 organic dyes and pigments (e.g. alizarin, apigenin, baicalein, flavone, xanthone, tannic acid), four exemplarily prepared lakes (alizarin, purpurin, chrysin a quercetin lakes) and lakes mixed with organic binding media. The method was also successfully applied to two samples of blue color that were taken from Josef Čapek's painting called 'Procházka' (The Walk), that was dating back to 1936.
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Identification of Terpenoid Resins in Artworks by Gas Chromatography
Jelínek, Jan ; Hrdličková Kučková, Štěpánka (advisor) ; Beneš, Pavel (referee)
Terpenoic varnishes are used in artworks since 11th century. Their task is to protect the artworks against the adverse effects of the environment and frequently they complete the artistic page. Although synthetic varnishes are currently widely used, especially in the case of modern art, the use of natural materials is still widespread and not only in the restoration of historical paintings and polychromy. In order to prepare terpenoic varnishes, rich supply of natural resins is used (damare, mastic, copals, colophony etc.). These resins differ in their composition and therefore they have various physical properties such as fragility, solubility, and not least the various darkening of varnish. For these reasons, it is necessary to know their composition, in order to be safely removed during restoration and subsequently replaced by a varnish of the same material composition. Gas chromatography is the most widely used analytical method for determination of natural resins, using a number of derivatizing reagents. The task of this thesis was to find the best separation conditions for the identification of resins by gas chromatography combined with flame ionization detector (GC-FID).
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Textile dyeing by vegetal dyes
Rychlovská, Kristýna ; Hrdličková Kučková, Štěpánka (advisor) ; Čapek Adamec, Martin (referee)
1 ABSTRACT: Theoretical part of this bachelor thesis deals briefly with colour perception and history of dyeing with natural dyes. Also it devotes to dyer's plants, their use and colouring agents. Then the thesis deals with classification of natural dyes, their structure, use and organisms that contain these dyes. The accent is put on social important dyes and mainly on dyes that were analysed in the Experimental part. In the theoretical part of this thesis the principle of the used mass spectrometric method is explained. In the Experimental part the dyeing of small clothes by the selected plants is described. The the textiles were analysed by LDI MS (Laser Desorption/Ionisation - Time Of Flight Mass Spectrometry). The goal of this thesis was by using of the method of mass spectrometry determine the known dyestuffs in black elder (Sambucus nigra), blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), onion (Allium cepa), red currant (Ribes rubrum), walnut (Juglans regia) and St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum). In the supplement part the photographed dyed textiles are presented. KEY WORDS: dyer's plants, vegetal dyes, mass spectrometry
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Preparation of polysaccharidic binders used in artworks
Švajcrová, Lenka ; Hrdličková Kučková, Štěpánka (advisor) ; Čapek Adamec, Martin (referee)
The main aim of this bachelor thesis was to prepare polysaccharide binders from the chosen kinds of starch (gained from potatoes, corn, wheat, rice and kuzu), Arabic gum and to pigment them. The created samples of the polysaccharide binders were then prepared for further investigation using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). This work is also focused on the history of the production of starch, its origin, contained substances and growing of the specific plants, from which the starch is obtained from. Furthermore, there is also described the technology process of paintings and other polychromatic arts creation. The technical character of paintings is actually determined by the binders, thus apart from the polysaccharide binders there are also described oil, protein and oil-resin binders. Key words: polysaccharidic binders, starch, Arabic gum, artworks
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Preparation of cochenial carmine
Helceletová, Zuzana ; Hrdličková Kučková, Štěpánka (advisor) ; Čapek Adamec, Martin (referee)
The aim of this study was to prepare a red organic pigment named cochineal carmine. The pigment was made out of dried insect called Coccus cacti using historical recipe. Next goal was to detect carminic acid by infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform (FTIR) in dried bodies of the mentioned insect, then in the pigment prepared from it and in the pigment that was prepared using extract called carminum rubrum. The other results of this work were the comprehension of the origin and preparation of carmine pigment and the identification of carminic acid in both prepared pigments.
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Iris green
Menclová, Kateřina ; Hrdličková Kučková, Štěpánka (advisor) ; Crhová, Michaela (referee)
The goal of this thesis was to summarize available information about natural green organic dyes. This specific group of dyes is not too deep by itself; therefore other groups of natural dyes with a description of their chemical structures, natural resources and historical utilization, were also added. The work is aimed for preparation of organic dye that is called iridaceous green according to medieval recipes. This green dye was prepared from blue iris blows and than white linen was dyed by the plant extract. The dye together with the linen serve as a reference samples for future identification of natural organic dyes.
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