|
|
The effect of bio-pigments on the properties of PLA materials for 3D printing
Vacula, Jan ; Figalla, Silvestr (referee) ; Menčík, Přemysl (advisor)
This thesis deals with the influence of naturally derived dyes on the properties of polylactic acid (PLA) for 3D printing using the FDM method. In the production of 3D printing filaments, it was crucial to understand the behavior of bio-dyes within the material. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed to determine the thermal stability of the bio-dyes. Based on the resulting thermal stabilities, seven bio-dyes were selected from which concentration series were prepared in the form of 3D printing filaments. The influence of adding bio-dyes to the PLA polymer matrix was defined using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). To assess the impact of bio-dyes on the mechanical properties of the materials, tensile testing and three-point bending tests were chosen. It was found that adding bio-dyes does not significantly reduce mechanical properties. Furthermore, UV stability was investigated through accelerated exposure in a chamber with a xenon lamp. The influence of UV radiation on individual bio-dyes was defined through colorimetric evaluation. The results were key for further development and optimization of the use of natural dyes in the manufacturing process of 3D printing filaments.
|
|
|
Design od laboratory apparatus for deep bed filtration research
Vejlupek, Petr ; Raček,, Jakub (referee) ; Figalla, Silvestr (advisor)
This Master’s thesis deals with the design of a rapid filtration laboratory apparatus. Basic design parameters were selected for the design of the apparatus, which were tested in the filtration process of the pilot unit. Based on the pilot test, the other design parameters were calculated. During the filtration process of the rapid filtration laboratory apparatus, turbidity removal was in the range of 95 to 100 %, reduction of absorbance A254 was in the range of 98.5–99.5 %, and reduction of chemical oxygen consumption by potassium permanganate was in the range of 96.1–99.3 %. At the end of the filtration cycle, the limits for drinking water given by Decree No. 371/2023 Coll. were achieved for pH values, iron concentrations, aluminum concentrations and chemical oxygen consumption by potassium permanganate. Glass beads with a grain size of 0.8–1.0 mm were the most suitable for the filtration run of the rapid filtration laboratory apparatus, which will be further used as a new exercise in the Water Technology laboratories. Ferric sulfate was proved to be the most suitable coagulant.
|
|
|
Functional foams with densit ygradient
Svatík, Juraj ; Figalla, Silvestr (referee) ; Jančář, Josef (advisor)
Vycházíme-li z lehčených přírodních materiálů, lze od porézních materiálů s gradientem porozity očekávat mechanické vlastnosti nadřazené konvenčím polymerním pěnám, a to díky jejich specifické architektuře. Tyto vlastnosti umožňují použití lehčených materiálů jako strukturních prvků. V této práci je popsaná příprava gradientních porézních materiálů pomocí laminování a/nebo 3D tisku. Provedeny byly statické a dynamické mechanické testy na obou kvazi homogenních a gradientně porézních pěnách poskytující experimentální podklad pro hypotézu deformační odezvy plynoucí ze strukturní architektury. Data se interpretovala užitím zavedených teoretických modelů. Naše výsledky vedly k závěru, že tyto teoretické modely odvozené od pěn s pravidelnou strukturou není vhodné aplikovat pro pěny s gradientem porozity, protože prokazují podstatně lepší mechanické vlastnosti než homogenně porézní pěny.
|
|
|
Preparation and characterization of unsaturated bio-polyester resins
Žůrek, Michal ; Petrůj, Jaroslav (referee) ; Figalla, Silvestr (advisor)
The theoretical part of this work is devoted to the selection of suitable components for synthesis of a branched oligoester and their structural arrangement. Further, oligomers of lactic acid esterified with crotonic acid branched by erythritol or pentaerythritol are discussed. Crosslinking of prepared oligoesters is accomplished by free radical mechanism using vinyl acetate as reactive diluent and 2,2'-azo-bis-isobutyronitrile as initiator. Resin was cured by vinyl acetate in different mass ratios. Results show that there in an optimal ratio for curing between oligoester and reactive diluent. Using less vinyl acetate results in insufficient crosslink density or, on the contrary, using considerable excess of vinyl acetate causes rapid polymerization, that also results in lower density of crosslinking. The crosslink density was determined indirectly by extraction of the soluble part to acetone after curing and drying of the product.
|
|
|
Preparation of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) based acrylic monomer
Liška, Marek ; Přikryl, Radek (referee) ; Figalla, Silvestr (advisor)
The main aim of this thesis is to research and prepare acrylic (methacrylic) monomers derived from poly(3-hydroxybutyrate). The monomers were prepared in two-step syntheses. In the first step P3HB was depolymerised with selected alcohols and afterwards, products of those syntheses were used as substrate and mixed with polymethylmethacrylate to produce their methacrylic derivates. The selected alcohols for the alcoholysis were ethanol and ethylene glycol. In total, four substances were prepared. Products of alcoholysis were ethyl-3- hydroxybutyrate, 2-hydroxyethyl-3-hydroxybutyrate and their methacrylic derivates. Significant part of this thesis is aimed towards the analysis of prepared substances and the analysis of reactions. In the process, titrations and instrumental methods, such as gel permeation chromatography (GPC), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), thermogravimetry (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used. This work describes preparation and analysis of polymers prepared from methacrylates from the mentioned syntheses. Cross-linked polymers, because of their low glass-transition temperature are elastomers.
|
|
|
Study of poly(lactic acid) foams preparation
Svatík, Juraj ; Petrůj, Jaroslav (referee) ; Figalla, Silvestr (advisor)
The bachelor thesis focuses on the processing of expanded poly(lactic acid) (PLA) or polylactide and on studying of some of its properties. The theoretical part deals with several ways of processing of PLA, its properties and methods of degradation. Furthermore, this part focuses on various processing methods of expanded PLA and the phenomena affecting the expansion, such as dissolving of gases in PLA. At the end of this part, it focuses on strength properties of PLA foams. The experimental part deals with specific way of processing of expanded PLA; that is dissolving of the physical blowing agent in PLA and subsequent foaming. Specific conditions within the processing of PLA foams are investigated there, such as pressure of gas needed, size of PLA particles. Further, this part focuses on distinct types of PLA foams differing in density or processing temperature. Last, it focuses on strength characteristics of PLA foams depending on their density and processing temperature.
|
|
|
Bio-based composites made from lactic acid resins
Smiřický, Jan ; Černý, Miroslav (referee) ; Figalla, Silvestr (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is about the synthesis of polyurethane glue, which is capable of gluing together sawdust, and about the testing of the mechanical characteristics of the glue and sawdust compostion. This glue is biodegradable and is created from renewable resources, this is why it could be an appropriate replacement for phenol formaldehyde, melamine, and urea formaldehyde resins. Another indisputable advantage is the absence of arenes in the macromolecule structure, which can be carcinogenic. In this synthesis, the compounds polylactic acid and hexamethylene diisocyanate were chosen, the former as the polyol and the latter as the isocyanate. In the theoretical section of the thesis, the used compounds are described in terms of their characteristics, their creation and the tests of the composites as well. In the experimental section, the conducted experiments are described.
|
|
|
Functionalization of Polyethylene by Grafting
Hofmann, Jan ; Figalla, Silvestr (referee) ; Petrůj, Jaroslav (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with functionalization of polyethylene by grafting. The theoretical part summarizes informations about types of copolymers, free radical grafting techniques and the factors, that affect properties of modified polymers as well as their biodegradability. The experimental part deals with modification of polyethylene in kneader under various conditions. The blends are composed of polyethylene, polylactic acid and another aditives (initiator, stabilizers). The torque and the temperature were monitored during the kneading. Some mechanical properties of new materials were tested on Zwick Z010 apparatus. Rheological properties of samples were investigated with melt flow indexes.
|
|
|
Polylactide chemical recycling to Lactide
Kučerová, Eliška ; Pospíšilová, Aneta (referee) ; Figalla, Silvestr (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with chemical recyclation polylactide to lactide. In the theory is summarized actual state of knowledge about chemical recyclation of polylactides, their properties, preparations a possibilities of characterization. Experimental part of work verify ethanolysis of PLA withthe samples of granulate, waste filaments and textiles. In the experimental work is suggested an optimalization of alcoholysis to direct yield of oligomer suitable for depolymerization to lactide. This method was verified for 5 different samples of PLA, which 4 of them was made of waste PLA. The time needed for depolymerization was evaluated and the effect of catalysis. Lactide and PLA recyclates was further analyzed by NMR, FTIR, DSC and GPC.
|
|
|
The study of using lactic acid esters for preparing lactides and PLA
Vida, Mikuláš ; Figalla, Silvestr (referee) ; Petrůj, Jaroslav (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with use of lactic acid esters for preparation of lactides and PLA. In the theoretical part, it has been processed literature review focus on manufacturing technologies and properties of lactic acid and its esters (especially ethyl ester and lactides). In the experimental part, it has been designed and realized functional laboratory apparatus for preparation of cyclic dimer of lactic acid – lactides. On this apparatus, there were carried out principal laboratory experiments leading to optimization of lactides yields using various catalysts.
|
guest ::
