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Driving Forces of European Landscape Change
MATT, Gordon
This master's thesis examines driving forces of landscape change in the Wadden Sea region. The region is a UNESCO World Natural Heritage site and encompasses North Sea coasts of Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands. The cultural landscape has faced change for millennials. The socioeconomic, technological, political and institutional, cultural as well as natural driving forces of these changes were analyzed in this thesis with the help of systematic review. Historical overviews were presented, and new, emerging trends identified.
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Accreting black holes via X-ray polarimetry
Mikušincová, Romana ; Svoboda, Jiří (advisor) ; Matt, Giorgio (referee)
Black hole spin is an essential parameter, for it provides us with the infor- mation on the black hole formation and growth. In this Thesis, we simulated observations for an upcoming X-ray polarimetric mission IXPE (Imaging X- ray Polarimetry Explorer) with the aim to study the robustness of black hole spin and inclination measured via X-ray polarimetry. To simulate polarization spectra, we used a multicolor blackbody emission model accounting for thermal radiation from the accretion disk. For the case of maximally rotating black hole (spin a = 0.998), we were able to reconstruct both spin and inclination of the system with a high precision (∆a ≤ 0.2 for spin and ∆θ ≤ 15 deg for inclination). For less rotating black holes, the spin was correctly recovered, but with a large uncertainty. The inclination is well constrained for any spin value. We conclude that polarimetric measurements will be useful to make independent black hole spin measurements, that would be compared with the spectral-fitting and timing methods. Therefore, X-ray polarimetric missions will be highly desirable. 1
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