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Lazy ecologist's guide to water beetle diversity: Which sampling methods are the best?
KLEČKA, Jan
We compared the selectivity and efficiency of four methods commonly used to collect aquatic insects - activity traps, box trap, handnetting and light trap - using a large dataset on water beetles. We proposed to use time investment as a natural basis to compare efficiency, since it applies to any method. The results inherently differ from results based on samples or individuals because methods are neither equally demanding nor equally rewarding. We found that most differences between methods arise from their size selectivity. To boost the development of cost-effective protocols, we also identify the best designs for rapid bioassesment by simulating short surveys from the data. Combinations of activity traps and box trap give most species; however, these rapid surveys miss on average more than 40% of all species in our study. Our results therefore emphasize that long-term studies using multiple methods are vital for measuring diversity in species-rich freshwater habitats.
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Interplay of succession and seasonality reflects resource utilization in an ephemeral habitat
SLÁDEČEK, František
The temporal aspects, succession, seasonality, of coprophilous beetles? assemblage were studied for the first time in Central Europe. Specifically all beetles? families were targeted including both the coprophagous and predatory species. In general, the pattern of species successional turn-over resembles the patterns retrieved from Northern Europe, however with the late successional species optima shifted towards earlier days of succession. The successional position of coprophages species reflets their oviposion strategy, while the predatory species are separated according to their size. The seasonal displacement applies predominantly to the species presented in the later part of succession.
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Restoration of hay meadows on ex-arable land: commercial seed mixtures vs. spontaneous succession.
VÍTOVCOVÁ, Kamila
The subject of this study were to compare two methods of grassland restoration - regrassing and spontaneous revegetating of abandoned fields in the Bohemian Forest foothills. The main aims of this study were to assess the phytocoenose differences between the re-grassed and spontaneously revegetated fields and effect of surrounding to abandoned field. The data were collected during the season 2008 and were analyzed by ordination methods (DCA, CCA) and by the ANCOVA. The significant difference between regrassed and naturally revegetated fields was not found. The effect of surrounding was important, most meadow species (92% in average)that were found in the field occurring in the surroundings too.
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Genetic variation and reproduction strategy of Gentiana pannonica in different habitats
EKRTOVÁ, Ester
The reproduction strategy and genetic variability of Gentiana pannonica, an endangered species in the Czech Republic, were studied. The differences of vegetation composition, seedlings recruitment, seed set and genetic variation within and among six various populations G. pannonica in the Šumava Mts. and two populations in the Alps of this species were investigated in a field. The vegetation composition differs between primary and secondary habitat of G. pannonica and seedlings recruitment was recorded only in primary habitat. The reproduction output of the study species is probably influenced by sufficient amount of pollinators. No serious genetic diversity between populations in the Šumava Mts. and the Alps was found. The genetic differences were found only between populations on the primary habitats and populations on the secondary mountain meadows.
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