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Collectivization of agriculture and development of co-operative farms on the territory of Vysoký Hrádek until the disposal of villages
BARTUŠKA, Jan
The introduce text is a paper intended to portray the forcible transformation of the traditional way of life and farming in villages during the phase of their socialist restructuring in units smaller than a district. Events are comprehended through a combination of macro-historic and micro-historic approaches. Although the year 1949 (enactment of the Act on Unified Agrucultural Cooperatives) is considered the decisive turning point in regard to collectivisation, the whole period from the end of the Second World War is actually preparation for implementation of this Act. The Communists were capable of thoroughly and effectively utilising all opportunities to enforce their plans when seizing power. They then brutally and unscrupulously retained this power and enforced transformation of society according to their plans. Their subordination of rural areas is most visible during the nineteen fifties and the consequences are most apparent during the subsequent period. Because the communist regime was directive, this would always concern plans and orders from above and never politics realised from the bottom up. This also results in the sequence of portrayal of events, from their official form to realisation on site. Period documents are also appended to this work.
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SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF FISH IN LAKE TURKANA, KENYA
MUŠKA, Milan
The knowledge of fish spatial distribution is essential for fish stock assessments and management. The aim of this study was to describe the fish spatial distribution in the vertical and horizontal point of view, estimate parameters of pelagic fish assemblage and compare this results with historical data.
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Crenicichla hu, a new species of cichlid fish (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from the Paraná basin in Misiones, Argentina
PIÁLEK, Lubomír
A new species of Crenicichla Heckel, C. hu, is described from the arroyo Piray-Miní, a left-hand tributary of the río Paraná, Misiones province, Argentina. This new species is easily distinguished from its congeners by the dark coloration, a color pattern consisting of 7 to 9 black irregular blotches on the flank, and 47?54 scales in the E1 row. Adult females have dorsal fin with an irregular color pattern formed by wide black and white longitudinal stripes and blotches.
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Raman Microspectroscopy of Individual Algal Cells: Sensing Unsaturation of Storage Lipids in vivo
KOTAS, Petr
We have demonstrated the potential of Raman microspectroscopy for the fast and spatially resolved characterization of the composition of selected intracellular regions in individual living cells of three algal species. In particular, we have focused on lipid storage bodies and quantified the degree of unsaturation of algal lipids (iodine value). To verify our results, we developed a method for extraction of storage lipids from highly resistant Trachidiscus minutus cells and determined the fatty acid composition using GC/MS. We have found Raman microspectroscopy to be a fast, versatile, and virtually non-invasive tool for evaluating the potential of different algal species for algal lipid engineering and industry.
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Adipokinetic hormone counteracts oxidative stress elicited in insects by hydrogen peroxide: in vivo and in vitro study
BEDNÁŘOVÁ, Andrea
The involvement of members of Adipokinetic hormone (AKH) family in regulation of response to oxidative stress (OS) was investigated in the present study. OS was elicited in the insect body by exogenous application of hydrogen peroxide. In vivo experiments reveal that injection of hydrogen peroxide into the haemocoel of the firebug, Pyrrhocoris apterus, increases the level of AKH in the central nervous system (CNS) and in the haemolymph. The injection of hydrogen peroxide also increases the mortality of experimental bugs, whereas co-injection of hydrogen peroxide with Pyrap-AKH reduces mortality to control levels. Importantly, an increase in haemolymph protein carbonyl (an OS biomarker) levels is decreased to control levels when hydrogen peroxide is co-injected with Pyrap-AKH. Similar results were obtained using in vitro experiments. OS biomarkers such as malondialdehyde and protein carbonyls were significantly enhanced upon exposure of isolated CNS to hydrogen peroxide in vitro, whereas co-treatment of the CNS with hydrogen peroxide and Pyrap-AKH reduces their level significantly. Catalase activity was measured as well and the same pattern was observed. The results of the present study provide strong support on the feedback regulation between oxidative stressors and AKH action, and implicate AKH in counteracting OS.
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Factors affecting the occurrence of aquatic macrophytes in the Lipno reservoir
KROLOVÁ, Monika
This RNDr. thesis focuses on the species composition and cover in the littoral of the Lipno Reservoir in 2006. Aquatic macrophytes are an essential component of littoral communities in lakes. Their reasonable development positively affects biodiversity and stability of the aquatic ecosystems and water quality. The aim of this study was to characterise the development of littoral macrophytes in Lipno Reservoir, an artificial lake with seasonal water level fluctuation, and highlight controlling factors for macrophyte occurrence. The development of macrophytes was examined at 114 segments of the shoreline, each 50 m long, situated along the whole reservoir perimeter in regular 1km distances. The segments were surveyed for phytocenology, shore morphology, pedological characteristics of substrate, and anthropogenic impact. The survey identified 53 macrophyte species (24 hydrophilic terrestrial, 17 emergent,1 floating-leaved, 2 free-floating, 4 submersed, and 5 amphibious). The average vegetation cover of the examined segments was 14 %, with approximately one third of the segments without any macrophytes and another third with vegetation cover less than 10 %. Macrophytes occurred only in the uppermost eulittoral zone down to the level of 75 % probability of water surface exceedance. On the basis of a correlation analysis, the major factors affecting macrophyte occurrence in the littoral zone were shore morphology, light conditions in water and erosion effect of waves that together with water level fluctuation caused loss of fine particles from and degradation of the substrate in the littoral zone.
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