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Monitoring of (anti-)progestagenic activity in wastewater by in vitro bioassay
BERANOVÁ, Petra
The aim of this diploma thesis was to detect (anti-)progestagenic activity in wastewater samples from the influent and effluent of six wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located in South Bohemia. Subsequently, the efficiency of the treatment process of this WWTPs was assessed from this point of view. The wastewater from WWTPs was transported to the laboratory and extracted oby solid phase extraction. The eluates were washed, evaporated and dissolved in DMSO. Detection of (anti-)progestagenic activity was performed by using the PR-CALUX in vitro bioassay. Transgenic cells were seeded on well plates and were exposed to ORG2058, reference substance for progestagenic activity, or RU-486, reference substance for antiprogestagenic activity, as well as a number of diluted wastewater extracts. After that, luminiscence of the cells was measured and it was was expressed in relative light units which were a measure of (anti-)progestagenic activity.(Anti-)progestagenic activity was reported in equivalent concentrations of the reference substance. Progestagenic activity in WWTPs influent ranged from below LOQ up to 1.8 ng/l ORG2058 eq. In effluent this activity ranged from below LOQ up to 0.5 ng/l ORG2058 eq. The elimination rate of progestagenic activity ranged from -25% to 100%. Antiprogestagenic activity in WWTPs inffluent was below the LOQ up to 1 ng/l RU-486 eq. In effluent this activity was below LOQ up to 9.7 ng/l RU-486 eq. The elimination rate of antiprogestagenic activity ranged from -50% to 100%.(Anti-)progestagenic activity in waste water has been demonstrated by using the PR-CALUX in vitro bioassay. Negative removal efficiency of some WWTPs was also documented. This is probably caused by biotransformation of some substances which don´t have (anti-)progestagenic activity to substances which have this activity or it is caused by deconjugation of metabolits of compounds with (anti-)progestagenic activity. Antiprogestagenic activity may be more hazardous for organisms living in the aquatic environment than progestagenic activity because of concentrations in WWTPs effluent. However this activity should not be underestimated.
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Tolerance raka mramorovaného vůči zvýšené salinitě vody
HRBEK, Vladimír
Eastern Europe comprises a significant part of the native ranges for indigenous crayfish species (ICS) belonging to the genus Astacus. This region has been largely overlooked by astacologists and considered relatively immune to the impacts of non-indigenous crayfish species (NICS). The recent discovery of two marbled crayfish Procambarus fallax f. virginalis populations in Ukraine has changed this view. The potential increased propagule pressure (mainly due to pet trade), has raised concerns of NICS which may negatively impair the ecosystems of Azov, Black and Caspian Seas and their tributaries inhabited by ICS. In this study, we provide the first insight into salinity tolerance of marbled crayfish. We performed a 155-day experiment using 5 different salinities (6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 ppt) and a freshwater control. Evaluation of survival, growth and reproduction suggests that marbled crayfish have a lower salinity tolerance than other crayfish species, which may limit their invasive potential in brackish environments. However, its ability to survive for more than 90 days at 18 ppt opens up the possibility of gradual dispersion and adaptation to brackish conditions. Our study highlights the need for further studies elucidating the potential for marbled crayfish to negatively impair these ecosystems.
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The contents of caesium-137 in different soil types in selected locations in CR
ČADOVÁ, Michaela
Caesium-137 is one of the major artificial radioactive elements, whose sources are atmospheric nuclear tests carried out in the 20th century and nuclear power plant incidents such as Chernobyl. Because of uneven precipitation, there were significant differences in radioactive fallout levels in different areas of the Czech Republic during the passage of the radioactive cloud from Chernobyl. Due to the high solubility of Caesium-137 in water and easy distribution in the environment, there is contamination of the lower soil levels where the plant root systems are located. The aim of this work is to collect soil samples from selected localities, where in 1986 significant contamination was detected as originating from Chernobyl, determination of their Caesium-137 content by gamma semiconductor spectrometry and comparison depending on the type of soil. The research question was set as: Does Caesium-137 content differ in different soil types? As part of this study, samples of uncultivated agricultural land and forest land were collected from layers 0-5, 5-10 and 10-15 cm in Kvilda, Zadov and Churanov. For comparison, results were also collected from a locality where the radioactive fallout was not so significant. This locality is around the village Straz nad Nezarkou, which is found on the protected nature reserves of Trebon. From the results of measuring the soil it was found that even after thirty years since the Chernobyl disaster occurred, Caesium-137 is still found in the upper layers of soils, specifically to depths of 5 cm. The highest specific activity of Caesium-137 was measured in the forest soils in Zadov at depths of 0-5 cm (364 Bq.kg-1) from the total range of all samples, 2,24 Bq.kg-1 to 364 Bq.kg-1. The highest specific activity of potassium K-40 was measured in uncultivated agricultural land in the locality of Kvilda at depths of 0-5 cm (883 Bq.kg-1).
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Education system of paramedics Czech Republic and Slovak Republic to deal with emergencies caused by accidents with mass disability of people
KMECOVÁ, Anna
Accidents with mass disability of people occur more and more. No matter if they are of a natural or human origin they are still a burden for both the rescuers and the civilian inhabitants. They have a huge impact on the social and economic aspects of the society. It si inevitable to be ready for such incidents in a sufficient way and thus keep the impact on the human health, lives and property as small as posssible. The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the education of paramedics in the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic in three dimensions. First of all it is a complementary overview of the school education within the bachelor college study. The second level is addressing the providers of paramedical care and services and compiling an overview of the education at both the teoretical and practical level carried out for their employees. The third part consists of a summary of the current possibilities of individual education provided by conferences, competitions and trainings within associations or organizations. The thesis consists of 4 theoretical chapters and 3 chapters in the empirical part. In the theoretical part we define the medicine of disasters, massive accidents, incidents with a massive inflictions of persons, the sorting system START and others. We talk about the history and current practise of interventions within massive incidents. We also describe the occupation of a paramedic from the perspective of his/her competence, operation of a rescue service and methods of education. We focused mainly on trainings which are the most frequent form along with lectures. In the practical part we analyse the education of paramedics within schools by the means of the content and time. Based on the received questionaires we compare activities which are provided by paramedical care providers for the purpose of education, training and readiness of health care workers for the interventions with a large number of victims. The practical usage we illustrate in casuistics. We summarise a database of congresses, competitions and trainings carried out in given areas in the CR and SR. This thesis can be used as a base in the area of improving the education of paramedics in the area of emergency incidents for schools and paramedical services providers or the needs of the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Education. The differences found between the subjects or republics can be motivating for further progress of education. There is also space for removing all the found imperfections or development of new methods of educating.
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Nurse as a representative of a healthy lifestyle
SOUKUPOVÁ, Marie
The thesis entitled Nurse as a representative of a healthy lifestyle consists of two main parts, one theoretical and one practical. The theoretical part consists of theoretical knowledge of the nurses´ lifestyle coming from their profession, topics related to the personality of general nurses, nurses´ lifestyle and mental hygiene. The practical part of the thesis is a quantitative research, which is based on responds of 193 nurses in a questionnaire survey about the impact of education on adherence on a healthy lifestyle. Research shows that most nurses know well the factors of a healthy life style which they could potentially have influence on, however they are not able to apply this knowledge to their life style. Education on correct healthy lifestyle and length of practice has no impact on nurses´ healthy lifestyle and their families. Discussion and conclusion summarize the research results.
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Health literacy of seniors in pharmacology.
BEDNÁŘOVÁ, Rita
The diploma thesis deals with the issue of health literacy of seniors in the field of pharmacology. The aim of the work was to find out, which skills and abilities seniors have, to understand, search and use information, services, and tools related to pharmacology. Thanks to these social and cognitive skills, seniors can have greater control over their health, they can make good decisions about their health condition, and they can maintain and support their health in general. The second aim of this thesis was to find out what problems the seniors encounter in the daily use of medicaments and what aspects make them the most difficult. With today's overusing drugs, seniors face more than one problem and it is affecting their quality of life and whole drug therapy. To achieve my goals, I have used quantitative research, using questionnaires. The examined sample was male and female from the age of 65 and the total number of respondents was 120. I set 2 goals with eight related hypotheses. Based on the gained results, out of the eight hypotheses, two of them were accepted and six of them were rejected. Based on the gained information from the research, in collaboration with graphic designer Dominika Pýchová, I created a stylized illustration (Annex 2), which could be introduced in the packaging to simplify pharmacy's using by seniors and simplify the information from information flyers. The reason, why seniors don't read the information flyers is the fact, that printed letters are too small and not readable. I was present while filling out the questionnaires and that is why I found out, that seniors would welcome better and uniform drug list which would make them easier to use. That's why I redrew the American version of the drug list, which is listed in (Annex 3). Overall research shows that half of the seniors are using more than 5 drugs, they have bigger problem of knowing the effects of drugs than knowing their names. Almost nobody knows the side effects of the drugs, as well as a clinical pharmacist who would facilitate pharmacotherapy in many cases. Practitioners do not check their patients' medication, and in many cases, when hospitalized, practitioners find out that the patient is taking unnecessary medication or even those that have not been prescribed for a long time. As long as the seniors do not improve their knowledge with help from practitioner and nurse, or by introducing of drug list's regular checks, seniors will be in alarming danger and their health literacy will not improve but it will be further reduced.
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Prague Emergency Medical Services Preparedness for Medical Intervention During Chemical Threat in Metro
TEJKL, Miroslav
The goal of this theses is to analyse the preparedness of Prague Emergency Medical Services (hereinafter Prague EMS) for chemical attack in subway (metro). The theoretical part states general information about chemical terrorism and the Integrated Rescue System's solution. The research part focuses on procedures following from Integrated Rescue System Common Type Activity during joint action - Reaction on chemical attack in subway (hereinafter STČ 13/IZS). This document was subjected to content analysis to meet the goals. The work then focuses on the evaluation of Prague EMS training Metro 2014 whose goal was to practice the procedures and joint deployment of Integrated Rescues System members and other subject according to STČ 13/IZS. For the evaluation complexity, the results were supplemented by SWOT analysis which pointed at another usable knowledge. All conclusions are clearly organized in charts and they are efficiently worked with to set new measures and recommendations which would increase the preparedness of Prague EMS for chemical attack in metro. The goal of this work to assess the level of preparedness and to submit final protocol to organisation's crisis management was fulfilled. The main benefit of this work is a recommendation for the reinforcement of crisis preparedness at Prague EMS. Furthermore the work brings new expert findings to solved problematics.
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Assesment of radiation protection in DIAMO state enterprise
ŠIMÁČKOVÁ, Eva
The importance of possible consequences of radiation, possible health hazard of people and the radionuclide contamination of the environment requires securing radiation protection from the very start of any operation, where radioactive substances are being handled with. One of these fields is the uranium industry in which DIAMO, state enterprise, takes an important position, dealing with the extraction and treatment of uranium, effacing the impacts of mining, remediation and disposal. Findings in the field of uranium industry are primarily won in form of research of professional information sources. In the theoretical part of the work, historical data about the founding and development of the organisation DIAMO, state enterprise, about carried out operations and the affect on the environment are being listed. Furthermore, information concerning radiation protection, its history, principles and measures are being elaborated. On the basis of carried out analysis and gauging results the level of secured radiation protection in DIAMO, state enterprise, is being assessed. Comparing the analysis of currently valid legal regulations to the analysis of safety documentation worked out in DIAMO, state enterprise, the fulfilment of requirements of legal standards is being assessed. In areas affected with uranium industry (Příbram, Stráž pod Ralskem, Mydlovary) gauging the dose equivalent power consupmtion of gama radiation has been carried out. In selected sites water and soil samples have been taken to assess the concentration of radionuclides. The results of the research are being compared to the measuremet results from other sources. In conclusion it is possible to state that the results in the carried out research are comparable to the results of similar researches carried out in other countries.
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Project of Logistics Solution to Protection of Public Health in Area of Secure Transport of Patient in Isolation with Risk of Environmental Contamination
PAULY, Aleš
The diploma thesis aimed to create a concept of a universal vehicle meeting the requirements for safe transportation of patients with risk of environmental contamination including the possibility of repeated use. The vehicle should meet the highest degree of public health protection, namely the Biological safety levels 4 (BSL 4). The questionnaire was used to gather the information about the current status of Biohazard teams, their material and technical equipment, and the way of transport security, including the possibility of rotating/substitution of the intervening staff. The questionnaire was distributed to the providers of health rescue services in individual regions and in the capital city of Prague. The results of the questionnaire survey formed the basis for processing the concept of the vehicle to ensure the transport of patients suspected of a highly dangerous contagion. The concept of the vehicle should serve as the basis for the real vehicle construction that will be able to provide protection at the level of BSL 4. It counts on a separate cabin for two drivers, a rear cabinet superstructure with a clean area for storing material and medical equipment, and rest facilities for the staff. At the rear, a separate insulating container consisting of an insulating box for patients, a decontamination area for the needs of the rotating staff, and a transfer box for medical supplies and devices. The proposed vehicle brings numerous improvements that meet BSL 4 protection and thus the highest level of the public health protection. The vehicle can carry up to seven patients at one intervention with the risk of environmental contamination. During the transport, it is possible for the staff to rotate continuously. The separate storage of medical supplies and devices ensures the use and degradation of only the necessary materials and devices. To cover the territory of the Czech Republic, the optimal number of six vehicles would be optimal.
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Power shortage readiness assessment of animal farms in Soběslav municipality
MUSILOVÁ, Karolína
The importance of electrical energy for a contemporary society is increasing. However, most of people don´t realise possible consequences of power outage for agriculture. This thesis aims at presenting an analysis of power outage effects on agricultural breeding in MEC Soběslav area. Considering the aim of the thesis, there is a problem whether the selected breeding farms are ready enough for power outages. The theoretical part of the thesis characterises crisis management, integrated rescue system (IRS), critical infrastructure and electrical grid. The following part of the chapter deals with livestock, poultry and pig breeding, mainly from the point of view of their technological as well as technical equipment. The research part is based on pen and paper interviews with representatives and owners of breeding farms. The research was focused on a degree of dependency on electrical energy in MEC Soběslav area. Two breeding farms in Germany were selected for a comparison with the situation abroad. The results revealed that most of the breeding farms are strongly dependent on electrical energy. Thanks to the last modernisation, automatic feeding or water supplying became a common standard. Unfortunately, most of the modern breeding farms are not able to guarantee these procedures in case of power outage. Great amount of breeding farms don´t have any emergency sources of energy and those that own some, have only limited supplies of fuel. There are no contracts guaranteeing the fuel for the breeding farms. The most problematic situation concerns poultry breeding, where the breeding procedures are wholly controlled by information systems and even the minute failures cause massive losses. Therefore the research problem was confirmed because the breeding farms are not equipped for powers outages. This diploma thesis is supposed to be used for educational purposes or as the means of orientation in the problem for individual breeders. The purpose is the education of presented subjects.
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