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Molecular mechanisms of regulation of FcɛRI signaling in mast cells
 Bambousková, Monika ; Dráber, Petr (advisor) ; Černý, Jan (referee) ; Bilej, Martin (referee)
Mast cells are critical component of the immune system. In pathological situations, they are activated and are responsible for allergic reaction. Therefore, detail understanding of mast cell activation at molecular level is important for design of new therapies of allergic diseases. Principal transmembrane receptor of mast cells is the high-affinity Fc receptor for IgE (FcεRI). FcεRI anchors IgE on mast cell surface and upon cross-linking with multivalent antigen it becomes phosphorylated at its intracellular immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs). This triggers signaling cascade leading to cell degranulation and cytokine production. The antigen- mediated signaling through the FcεRI is critically dependent on interplay with intracellular protein- tyrosine kinases that phosphorylate the ITAM motifs and many other components of the signaling pathway. This study was focused on better understanding of signaling events leading to mast cell activation; emphasis was put on early activation events. First, we examined the role of protein- tyrosine phosphatases (PTP) in FcεRI phosphorylation. We found that upon antigen triggering of FcεRI, PTPs undergo inhibition by oxidation of their active site located tyrosine. Studies of plasma membrane topography of inactivated PTPs showed their...
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