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Identification and characterization of main genetic components involved in phototransduction and vision of the cubozoan jellyfish Tripedalia cystophora
 Liegertová, Michaela ; Kozmík, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Černý, Robert (referee) ; Kostrouch, Zdeněk (referee)
(English) Many of the metazoan phyla sense light by an opsin-based photopigment present in a photosensitive receptor cell (photoreceptor), with Cnidaria being arguably the earliest branching phylum containing a well-developed and complex visual system (advanced eyes morphologically similar to those of vertebrate). The evolutionary history of phototransduction and visual components (ranging from light-sensing opsins to structural genes of the lenses) is a long standing question. In this work, we decided to address this issue by applying a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach combining modern molecular biology methods with bioinformatics. Comprehensive genome-wide inspection of a cubozoan jellyfish Tripedalia cystophora, was complemented with gene expression analyses, together with functional (cell culture based assays) and behavioural (pharmacogenetics) testing. First, genome analysis uncovered the presence of a surprisingly large number of opsin genes with distinct tissue- and stage-specific expression. Our extensive phylogenetic analysis classified cubozoan opsins as a sister group to c-type opsins and documented a lineage-specific expansion of opsin gene repertoire. Functional tests in cell cultures provided evidence for the use of Gs-cAMP signalling pathway only in a small subset of opsins,...
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