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Essays on Environmental and Health Economics
Kyrychenko, Olexiy ; Gaule, Patrick (advisor) ; Fichera, Eleonora (referee) ; Mohnen, Myra (referee)
Essays on Environmental and Health Economics Olexiy Kyrychenko Abstract In the first chapter, we examine the impact of temperature on manufacturing production in India and the underlying mechanisms. Using plant-level manufacturing data and satellite- based temperature estimates from 1998-2007, we find that the relationship between temperature and output exhibits an inverted U-shape, with especially large losses occurring at extreme cold and hot temperatures. Such nonlinearity provides valuable insight into the potential welfare consequences of climate change. Back-of-the-envelope calculations suggest that a 1řC shift in the annual distribution of daily temperature would lead to net losses in manufacturing output of 1.3% or USD 0.6 billion, equivalent to a 0.5% reduction in India's GDP 2007 through the manufacturing sector alone. The estimated temperature-output relationship is driven by the joint effects of temperature on total factor productivity and capital. This finding has important implications for adaptation. The manufacturing sector can adapt to changing climate by reducing the sensitivity of labor productivity to temperature and by making investments in machinery. Labor-related adjustments can also contribute to adaptation by offsetting direct productivity losses or facilitating labor reallocation....
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Statistika & My (č. 5/2018): měsíčník Českého statistického úřadu
Český statistický úřad
Měsíčník informující o aktuálním dění v Českém statistickém úřadě. Přináší analýzy, komentáře, výsledky statistických šetření realizovaných a organizovaných ČSÚ, statistické údaje o ČR, jejich obyvatelích včetně mezinárodního srovnání. Uveřejňuje informace o ediční činnosti úřadu, odborných úspěších pracovníků, již uskutečněných a plánovaných tiskových konferencích, seminářích, akcích a dalších aktivitách.
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Proceedings of the 25-year Program of Teplice: Environment and Population in the Ústecký Region
Český statistický úřad
Uplynulo již čtvrtstoletí od doby, kdy se realizoval tzv. Program Teplice. Týkal se životního prostředí a jeho vlivu na zdraví populace v Ústeckém kraji. Mezinárodní výzkum se na základě moderního monitorování znečištění ovzduší zabýval zejména analýzou dýchacích funkcí, neuropsychických účinků, průběhu těhotenství či vzniku nádorových onemocnění. Bylo mimo jiné prokázáno, že u populace v pánevních okresech je trvale snížená střední délka života mužů i žen a trvale zvýšená úmrtnost na srdečně-cévní onemocnění.
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The possibilities to use hydrothermally treated biowaste for air and water cleaning
Usťak, Sergej ; Muňoz, Jakub ; Usťaková, Marie
The aim of the methodology is to provide to farmers, agricultural consultants, biogas plants owners and operators, originators and processors of biowaste, experts in the field of reclamation and recultivation, investors and other interested parties on issues concerned with the basic information on the use of hydrothermally treated biowaste, especially hydrothermally treated residues from anaerobic fermentation for water and air cleaning. In the introduction, the methodology provides a basic overview on literature regarding to coal similar materials, methods for their preparation, especially the way of hydrothermal carbonization, its basic characteristics and its possibilities and perspectives of application in practice. Furthermore, the methodology describes the actual results obtained during the research project usable in practice and provides their agrochemical, environmental and economic evaluation in the case of application at soils. At the end summarizes the main potential applications and uses of new products based on hydrothermally modified residues as essential components of the filter medium for water and air cleaning.
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Air pollution and mortality in population of the Czech Republic
Lubas, Matouš ; Melzochová, Jitka (advisor) ; Svoboda, Miroslav (referee)
This paper investigates the effects of air pollution represented by particulate matter concentration (PM10) on annual mortality and on annual hospital admission rate in 54 Czech districts and Prague. Two regression models for identifying the effects of long-term air pollution exposure on mortality and on hospital admissions were estimated using ordinary least squares method with cross-sectional data for 2011. Average PM10 concentration between 2004 and 2011 is used as the air pollution variable. The control variables are indicators of the district's socioeconomic status (serving as proxies for the population's health behavior) or indicators of healthcare accessibility. The model estimates indicate that air pollution is responsible for 6.5 % of all deaths and for 10 % of all hospital admissions in the observed districts. Another model was used to identify the association between annual mortality and air pollution in the concurrent and the previous year. The model was estimated using fixed effects method on panel data for 2004-11. However, the model failed to provide credible estimates, because the trend in mortality was not properly controlled for.
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Morphology, chemical and toxicological characterisation of road dust and particulate matter including sources apportionment: Final report - summary
Adamec, Vladimír ; Huzlík, Jiří ; Ličbinský, Roman ; Effenberger, Karel ; Mikuška, Pavel ; Večeřa, Zbyněk ; Dočekal, Bohumil ; Vojtěšek, Martin
Project brought new scientific results in the field of chemical composition, physical and toxicological characterization of street dust and particulate matter. Chemical analyses and statistical methods including receptor modelling result in identification their sources.
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