|
|
Hodnocení aberace půdy vybraných katastrů okresu Třebíč
Nováček, Miroslav
This bachelor thesis focuses on farmland aberration, which is the change in soil properties over time, this change can be positive or negative. To determine the form of aberration, the results of soil analysis were compared with the results of a Comprehensive soil survey from 1965, in the cadastral area of the municipalities of Hartvíkovice and Popůvky in the Třebíč district. The compared values include mainly soil exchange reaction, grain size and humus content. Various soil degradation processes, including water and wind erosion, acidification, loss of organic matter and compaction, cause the negative aberration. After analysis, the results showed that for all the probes examined, positive aberration occurred with an increase in pH and humus content. There was a change in the grain composition of the soils and some soil horizons were shortened.
|
|
|
Effect of drought on plant-soil interactions
Secká, Gabriela ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Florianová, Anna (referee)
There are feedback processes happening between plants and the soil, called plant-soil feedback (PSF), during which the plants affect the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil and the soil in turn affects not only fitness of individual plant types, but also interspecific interactions. The influence of PSF can manifest either instantaneously or with a delay, and it has a lot of external factors affecting it. The aim of my work was literary research, which focuses on the effects of drought on PSF. Frequent and repeating droughts, which are one of the consequences of climate change, affect not only the processes happening in ecosystems, but also individual organisms present in them, including microorganisms living in the soil. Intense droughts mainly cause temperature increases, decreases in soil moisture and soil degradation. The consequences of the drought include lowering of the primary productivity of plants and changes in the composition of soil and plant ecosystems. These changes, which influence the PSF, manifest as either positive or negative feedback.
|
|
|
Comparison of selected soils on glacifluvial parent material in Poland and the Czech Republic
Bešťák, Ondřej
The aim of this thesis was to compare properties of the soils on glaciofluvial sediment in Poland and the Czech Republic. Physical, chemical and biochemical properties were monitored in soil profiles. Samples were collected on lands with different land use and in different time of year. Subsequently, samples were transported to the laboratory of Faculty of Forestry and Wood technology at Mendel University in Brno, Department of Geology and Pedology, where soils were analyzed. The results showed that samples taken from various soil profiles are mainly composed from 85 to 95% of the sandy fraction (2 till 0.05mm) with a negligible proportion of gravel, loess and clay particles. Determined values of soil reaction reflected the fact that the soil is very acidic, within profiles no. 4 and 5, where soil reactions were described as slightly alkaline. When enzymatic activity of soil was determined, it was found that the activity of soil phosphatises and ureases decreases with soil depth. Cmic analyse exhibits decreasing trend in profiles no. 1, 2, 5 and 6. On the other hand, the higher amount of microbial carbon was found in deepest layers of profiles no. 3 and 4.
|
|
|
Comparison of methods for measuring the tension force of the tractor during soil tillage.
Buřič, Milan ; Novák, Petr (advisor) ; Hůla, Josef (referee)
The theoretical part of the diploma thesis deals with soil qualities which influence the soil processing. The soil processing itself is described in the theoretical part as well as advantages and disadvantages of the specific processing, a choice of technology for effective soil processing and economic aspects of the processing. In this part there is an extract describing a test of a tractor pulling and reasons for making the test of pulling in laboratory and field conditions. The practical part of the thesis deals compares two methods of a tractor pulling power during field tests. A belt tractor John Deere 8320 RT and a wheel tractor New Holland T7050 were tested. The target of a pulling test in ter-rain was to define which resistance makes a soil in specific conditions and which pulling power is needed for a certain working output on a given land. The results were pro-cessed and evaluated with computer technology. The whole measurement took place with support of a BEDNAR FMT company.
|
|
|
Vliv různé intenzity zpracování půdy na její fyzikální a hydrofyzikální vlastnosti
Houšť, Martin
This thesis is aimed on evaluation of possibilities using both minimum and conventional soil tillage technologies in case of maize grain in systems of soil management and of its influence on physical and hydro-physical soil characteristics. Observation was made within stationary field experiment conducted from 2001 on loam Ortic luvisol in maize production region on the plot of agricultural company Agroservis 1. zemedelska Ltd., Visnove. There were evaluated three ways of soil tillage: (1) ploughing to the depth 0,22 m; shallow soil tillage by discs equipment till the depth 0,10--0,12 m; (3) direct sowing. Observed was influence of different soil tillage on basic physical soil properties, water infiltration, penetrometric soil resistance and on yields of corn maize grown repeatedly on the same place. From the basic physical properties were evaluated bulk density, total porosity, minimum soil air capacity and soil moisture content. The lower intensity of soil tillage was the more statistically significant increase of bulk density and lower total porosity were observed. The highest values of bulk density were observed after direct sowing. Total porosity was the highest in case of ploughing. The lowest minimum soil air capacity was observed after direct sowing. The highest soil moisture content was on variant with direct sowing and the lowest on ploughing variant. Influence of different soil tillage on water infiltration was not (except extremely wet year 2010) statistically significant. Influence of different intensity of soil tillage on water infiltration was different in each year. In dry years (2008 and 2011) was higher speed of infiltration on variants with minimum soil tillage and in extremely wet year 2010 on variant with ploughing. In average was the highest intensity of infiltration on variant with ploughing and the lowest on variant with shallow tillage. Penetrometric resistance of soil was always higher under the treated lay of soil where is made more solid lay. Influence of different soil tillage on maize grain yields was not statistically significant. In average was reached the highest yield after ploughing (10, 76 t.ha-1), followed by shallow soil tillage (10,55 t.ha-1) and lowest yields were reached in case of direct sowing (9,76 t.ha-1). Results show in the given conditions on possibility to use shallow sowing for maize grain.
|
|
|
Vliv aplikace kompostu na fyzikalní, chemické a mikrobiologické vlastnosti degradované půdy
Svoboda, Zdeněk
The influence of the application of compost on the physical, chemical and microbiological qualities of degraded soil This diploma thesis is aimed at the influence of compost on the physical, chemical and microbiological qualities of degraded soils. The principal aim of the thesis is to answer the question whether the amelioration of the soil fertility after the application of compost could be attributed only to the changes of physical and chemical qualities of soil, or to the increase of soil microbial activity, or to the combination of both these possibilities. For answering the question, soil degraded by long-term application of mineral fertilizers was chosen and laboratory experiment was designed. The soil comes from the locality Březová nad Svitavou. The following parameters were monitored in the experiment: dry basis of the plant, leakage of ammonium and nitrate ions, physical parameters of soil, mycorrhiza, root exudate and their influence on microbial respiration. The obtained results prove that the application of compost improves soil fertility, especially thanks to the changes of physical and chemical parameters of soil.
|
guest ::
