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Yield formation and quality of spring wheat
DVOŘÁK, František
The theme of this Bachelor's thesis was to compare yield and the grain quality of spring wheat. For this purpose, 3 varieties of spring wheat were chosen (Kabot, Alicia and Registana) and small scale experiment was conducted on the grounds of the South Bohemian University in Ceske Budejovice. The monitored indicators were amount of plants per m2, amount of tillers per m2, amount of ear per m2, amount of grain in the ear, weight of thousand grains, yield of individual varieties, content of nitrogen substances and sedimentation value.
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The yield formation of winter wheat in low-input conditions
PETERKOVÁ, Ingrid
The aim of the diploma thesis was to assess the formation of basic yield producing elements of classical and hybrid winter wheat varieties depending on the intensity of cultivation. A total of 5 varieties were used for the experiment, of which 3 lineage varieties (Patras, Rumor and Turandot) and 2 hybrid varieties (Hybery and Hyfi). The stand was assessed in three variants of cultivation - clover undersowing, nitrogen fertilization, control, variants were established in 3 repetitions. Finally, the actual and theoretical yield were compared. During the vegetation, the health of the stand (occurrence of diseases, pests) and the amount of chlorophyll in the plants were evaluated in the field. The experiment with winter wheat varieties was based on the land of the Faculty of Agriculture of the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice in the growing season 2018/2019. The total average number of ears per m2 reached 454.12 pcs.m-2. Linear varieties reached a higher average number of ears (457.58 ks.m-2) vs. hybrid varieties (450.66 ks.m-2). The highest average values were reached by varieties grown with nitrogen fertilization (490.00 ks.m-2). The average number of grains in the cob for all varieties and variants of cultivation reached 52.32 pieces. In the second yield element, hybrid varieties reached a higher average number (52.69 pcs) vs. liner varieties (51.93 pcs.). The system with nitrogen fertilization reached higher average values (52.76 pcs.). The highest number of grains in the cob was achieved by hybrid varieties grown in the control variant. The average weight of a thousand grains of all varieties and growing variants reached a weight of 34.70 g. The line varieties reached a higher average value of HTZ (36.50 g) vs. hybrid varieties (32.90 g). The third yield element was the highest in the variant of cultivation with clover undersowing (35.95 g). Line varieties achieved the highest real yield compared to hybrid varieties. In comparison with the three cultivation variants, higher yields were achieved by cultivating varieties in the variant with nitrogen fertilization.
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Cultivar variability of soybean yield components formation when the crop is produced under less convenient field conditions
VOKURKA, Ondřej
The aim of this diploma thesis was to evaluate the yield formation of soybean under less favourable conditions. For the thesis' purposes, a one-year field experiment was realized in 2019 at the height of 559 metres above sea level, using the early to very early ripening varieties of Acardia, Coraline, Marzena, and Sculptor, all relatively new in the Czech Republic. Before harvesting, samples of the plants were gathered and the following parameters were determined: height of the plants, height of placement of the first pod, number of primary branches, number of pods on the plant, number of seeds in a pod, and weight of one thousand seeds. Furthermore, the fat content and the content of nitrogenous substances in the seeds was determined laboratorily. The obtained data were statistically processed. The yields varied from 2.96 (Sculptor) to 5.12 (Acardia) t/ha. For the Acardia and Coraline varieties, the content of nitrogenous substances was in a negative correlation with the fat content. For the Sculptor variety, the content substances were not analyzed due to mouldiness of the harvested seeds. The individual varieties displayed differences in how the yields were formed. The yields attained in the experiment were above average in general. The Sculptor variety proved to be unstable in terms of ripening under the given conditions. The experiment showed that if a suitable variety is chosen it is possible to grow soybean under the given conditions.
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Evaluation of effect of selected physiologically active substances on grain yield and its structure in model winter wheat cultivar
MACHOVÁ, Klára
The main topic of this bachelor thesis is the evaluation of effect of selected physiologically active substances on grain yield and its structure in model cultivar of winter wheat. For this purpose it was founded a one-year small-land experiment on the land of the experimental station Lukavec, in september 2016. For this experiment, have been selected a physiologically active substances, with components of humic substances character. The experimental variants contained, separately and in combination, the commercial product ENERGEN FULHUM PLUS and the physiologically active substance named Lignofen. For this experiment, it was selected the winter wheat variety Pannonia. The influence of these applications was evaluated in parameters of actual yield and yield components creation, which is - number of ears, number of grains per ear, and weight of a thousand grains. Further, was evaluated the influence of these applications on grain quality parameters, which is - amount of N-substances, Zeleny sedimentaition velue, falling number, amount of gluten, Gluten index and volume weight.
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Porovnání výnosotvorných prvků u hybridních a nehybridních odrůd ječmene ozimého
Hlavatá, Jana
The bachelor thesis presents the results of an experiment with winter barley. The experiment was established in the vegetation period 2017/2018 on the grounds of the Field Experimental Station of Mendel University in Žabčice. The theoretical part describes the basic characteristics of barley, botanical and biological characteristics, requirements for growing conditions, formation of cereal yield, breeding of hybrid vari-eties and a part is devoted to winter barley diseases. In the practical part, the yield-forming elements of eleven winter barley varieties were evaluated and the results between hybrid and linear varieties were compared. The yield-forming elements evaluated were the number of plants per m2, the number of off-shoots and spikes per m2, the number of offshoots and spikes per plant, the weight of thousand grains, the yield and bulk density was determined as the quality indicator. It is clear that hybrid varieties have achieved a better assessment. E.g. the average yield of hybrid varieties was 8.65 t.ha-1, the line ones was 8.36 t.ha-1.
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The yield formation and quality of winter wheat in low-input conditions
PAVLÁTOVÁ, Kristýna
The aim of this thesis is to evaluate basic yield formation and food quality of grain in selected winter wheat varieties, depending on the intensity of cultivation. There was 5 varieties chosen for the experiment of which 3 was linear (Patras, Turandot and Rumor) and 2 varieties was hybrid (Hyfi and Hybery). Each variety was repeated three times during the experiment. The vegetation was assessed in two variations - the checking one and the one fertilized by the nitrogen. This experiment was conducted in growing season 2017/2018 on the field of Faculty of Agriculture of University of South Bohemia. The withdrawal of the vegetal material for the purpose of the following sample analysis was done right before the harvesting. The yield formation and the health condition of the vegetation was assessed in the fieldwork. The determination of qualitative parameters was made with the help of the apparatus in the laboratory of the faculty. Then, the results was marked in tables and graphics. Finally, the statistical evaluation of the obtained data. An average yield of all assessed varieties of the winter wheat was 8,52 t.ha-1 at the checking variation. On the contrary, at the nitrogen fertilized one the average yield was 8,94 t.ha-1. The evaluated varieties in the growing season 2017/2018 had the baking quality A and B. Regarding the qualitative parameters, there was found lower values of volume quantity than those that are stated in the norm for the food wheat (at least 76,0 kg.hl-1). The highest values were found at the variety Turandot fertilized by nitrogen (77,8 kg.hl-1), which met the requirements of the ČSN 4611 00-2.
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The yield formation of oil flax
PAVLÁTOVÁ, Kristýna
The aim of this thesis was to asses the production of yield of chosen varieties of flax. Six varieties of oil-flax and one variety of fiber-flax was involved in this thesis. The observation took place in 2016 and was focused especially on the main yield elements, precisely on the number of plants per meter square, the number of capsules on the plant, the number of seeds in the capsule and the weight of one thousand seeds. As a complementary value was determined total and technical lenght of plants. The discovered values was compared reciprocally and interpreted graphically. Then, the appearance of injurious agents in the stand was monitored. It is obvious from the results, that the yield elements of small-plot trial reached values above the average. The variety "Libra" achieved the highest theoretical yield, with 3,04 t?ha-1. The average real yield of oil-flax achieved 2,24 t?ha-1 and the fiber-flax achieved the yield of 1,47 t?ha-1, which is typical for fiber-flax, regarding to the main production of fibre.
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Formation of seed yield and evaluation of health state in hemp (\kur{Cannabis sativa} L.) cultivars
KUKLINA, Aleksandra
Hemp is a very usefull plant which can be grown for fiber, seeds and biomass. Although it is a plant from the group of alternative crops, and it is require more research and practical experiments. The main object of this bachelor work was focused on the formation of the yield of seeds in few varieties of hemp and the evaluation of seed quality. For the evaluating of yield formation was founded a plots field trial with 4 hemp varieties: Bialobrzeskie, Finola, Fedora 17, Fibrol. Further research on the composition of hemp seeds was continued on the varieties: Finola, Tiger, Fedora 17, USO-31 and Futura 75, obtained from a regional hemp grower. Proper choice of variety and basic agro-technology are the initial factors for successful seed yield formation. Further, in the first place as well, the density and the health status of the growth. In observing the development of the photosynthetic apparatus, there was confirmed a certain difference during the vegetation of the early and late varieties and the subsequent phenological changes of the plants. Hemp is a highly competitive crop against weeds, and no disease or pests has been, except for damage caused by birds. Yield of variety Finola was in range 2,2 1,6 t/ha. While monitoring the dry matter content of the seed, the results showed some differences and varietal influences. For example the highest amount of nitrogenous substances was found in the variety Finola (23.58%), with the lowest percentage of nitrogenous substances in the variety Tiger (21.12%). But for the correct evaluation and conclusions are required further experiments, which may be the aim of my further study.
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Factors influencing seed development and maturation
Leová, Phuong Yen ; Pazderů, Kateřina (advisor) ; Hnilička, František (referee)
Cereals are the most common group of grown crops in the world. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most grown cereal in the Czech republic, represented almost in all growing areas and covers more than a quarter of arable land and over half of grain surfaces. This bachelors's thesis ,,Factors affecting seeds development and maturation" is a compilation based on scientific literature concerning environmental influcences on the development, maturation and germination of seeds. The thesis also describes the basic physiological processes such as germination and dormancy and knowledges about seed vitality and effects of phytohormones.
The main point of this thesis was to determine whether the arrangement of grains per spikelet affect their germination and other seed parametres. The thesis practically deals mainly with the seed germination in 30 ml and 20 ml of water. The experiment was created with the variety of winter wheat named Bohemia and new genotype of winter wheat called MRS or multi row spike.
Seeds were gained by manual scaling out of the spikes and categorized into fractions, according to the position of seed in a spikelet (i. e. first, seconad, third, fourth or fifth).
Seed tests were performed on the folded filter paper Hahnemühle in 30 ml and 20 ml of water. Germination took place at constatnt temperature of 20 °C in air - conditionted box. Measured values were germination percent, mean time of germination and germinating energy. Gained results were statistically evaluated.
Seeds were also analyse with the OmegAnalyzer G, where the point was to determine wheter the position of the grain spikelet affects the content of the seed (nitrogen, gluten, strach). Seed parametres were different not only depending on the position of the seed on the grain spikelet, but also on the variety and amount of water. Comparing the different categories of grains among themselves differences were found. Both in optimal and stress moisture conditions were registred the best results in the Bohemia breed. MRS wheat genotype fared significantly worse in both conditions. The highest average seed germination in 30 ml of water showed third grains of Bohemia breed, which also was the only one able to achieve 100% germination. First grains had the lowest average germination (94 %). MRS in 30 ml of water reached lower values than Bohemia breed. The highest average germination reached the first grains (94%), but neither one grain fraction MRS did not reach 100% germination. The worst levels of seed germination reached second and fifth grains (93%). In 20 ml of water had Bohemia breed lower average germination than average germination in 30 ml of water, even so it still achieved relatively high values. The highest average germination achieved first grains with 98% and the second grains showed the worst germination value (95%). The fastest average germinating had third and fourth grains, second grains had the slowest germination. In 20 ml of water fifth grains germinated the fastest, and also reached the highest germination (95%). Grains of the first fraction were the worst and ended with very low germination (88 %).
Fifth grains had the highest germination energy (90 %) fifth day in 20 ml of water. The lowest values, only 1 % were reached by the first and second grains third day. The fourth and fifth grains showed higher values of germination energy under stressful conditions than in optimal. The first and second grains conversly germinated faster in optimal conditions.
In experimental part of this bachelors's thesis was found that the position of the grains, its weight and size togehter with the different amout of water affects germination. Next the influence of the position of the grains on the grains content wasn't shown.
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The yield formation of naked and hulled oats
FIŠER, Martin
The aim of the thesis was to assess the formation and reduction in the yield of naked and hulled oat varieties. The research was conducted two years and it was mainly focused on the main elements of income as a number of plants, cuttings, and lat per m2, further was assessed the number of grains per panicle 1, weight of thousand grains and total grain yield. As an additional assessment of quality indicators have been established; volume weight and the proportion of grains of the front. The values of determined individual elements have been compared to each other and evaluated by statistical analysis. The results based on the naked oat varieties attain average yields of grain; diameter compared varieties of naked oats totalled 3.03 tons per hectare, diameter of hulled varieties amounted to 5.03 tons per hectare and other indicators also moved around the average values. It was confirmed that the newer varieties are breeding to a higher threshold of revenue, while old varieties exhibit better values of the quality parameters.
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