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Molecular composition of constitutive heterochromatin
Pajpach, Filip ; Král, Jiří (advisor) ; Holá, Dana (referee)
Constitutive heterochromatin of eukaryotes includes various types of repetitive DNA and transposons characteristic for given region. DNA of centromeric and telomeric re- gions is usually highly methylated and transcribed to RNA transcripts, which participate in formation, functions and spreading of heterochromatin along with histones, their mod- ifications and non-histone proteins. The most typical histone modification in heterochro- matin is methylation, which forms the binding site for protein HP1. This protein (and his paralogues in other eukaryotes except for S. cerevisiae) participates in formation of com- plexes including other proteins like histone methylases SUV39H and their paralogues. Es- sential are also telosome proteins regulating telomeric heterochromatin, Polycomb group proteins and many others, for instance MBD1, Epe1, SUMO and DNA methylases DNMT. Many proteins form complexes, which partake in mechanisms necessary for heterochro- matin maintenance, for example RDRC and RITS complexes in RNA interference, SHREC complex in heterochromatin spreading, and PRC complexes forming heterochromatin in specific situations. Key words: centromere, DNA, histone, HP1, constitutive heterochromatin, methylation, modification, protein, RNA, specific, telomere
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A nurse´s work in the care of clients in the home with the special regime.
MLÝNKOVÁ, Dana
The house with the special programme is an institucion providing specific services for the people with mental disorders, while respecting their rights and individual needs of them. This bachleor thesis pays attention to the work of nurse, who is taking care for the clients just in a such type of institution. It is focused on the specific care and the risks which are connected with its role. In the houses there are placed mainly clients with diagnosis as Schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease or mental retardation. These diseases bring reduction of self-sufficience and self-control which family is not able to provide by itself. At these institutions we can often meet with the aggressive behaviour of client, going hand in hand with some of the noticed diseases. From the reason of specific care, which can appear in the work with the mental diseased clients and risks beginning here. It's necessary, that the nurses which are working in these houses are enough informed, self-reliant and well educated. Bachleors thesis is divided into two parts, both are theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part, there is description of the care history for mentally ill persons, further, there are named the present forms of care for mentally ill people and there is a short description of distribution of mental illnesses also. From the spectrum of diseases which are possible were chosen three of them Schizophrenia, Alzheimer´s disease and mental retardation. These were chosen for their highest representation in the houses with the special programme. Two goals were determined for treating of this thesis. Detection of the specifics of the nurses' work according to the care for clients in the house with the specific programme and identification of risks of the nurses' work, connected with the specific care for clients with mental disorder. For treating of this chosen topic, there was picked the qualitative method of research with the help of the semi-structual dialogue and the involved hidden observation. Practical part of thesis contains results, of the qualitative method of research, which were obtained from the dialogues with seven registrated nurses working in the house with the special programme. Nurses had various length of practice with the mentally ill clients in an interval 2-25 years. They were in the age of 35-52 years. Two interviewed nurses in the House Libníč and CSS Empatie, remaining five nurses in CSS Emausy. Both these institution are registred as the house with the special programme. Answers of the nurses were treating into two categories. Specific access of nurse and the risks for her in the house with the special programme. Every category was divided into sub-categories. The result of it was, that the specific access for the nurse is such a type of behaviour of staff, that is directed at the quiet and pleased life of client. As specific, the nurses see managing of aggression of client, activization at the house, work and duties of the key-employee and there is very special communication with the mentally ill client. Nurses expressed on the changes in the house with the special programme too. In the second category were nurses asked about the risks for them in these houses. It was found out, that the risks, termed by nurses, is aggression and negative influence of this work with mentally ill clients to psychical condition of nurse. In the dialogues, there haven´t been noticed any advantages or disadvantages for the nurses, who are engaged in these diseased.
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Specifics of nursing care for patients confined to psychiatric hospitals
BRIGANTOVÁ, Marie
The method of qualitative investigation through dialogs and participant-concealed observation has been adopted for my investigation into the topic of ?Specifics of nursing care for patients confined to psychiatric hospitals?. The research group consisted of nurses and patients of the Havlíčkův Brod Psychiatric Hospital, namely ten nurses working at the in-house care ward in this hospital and ten patients hospitalized at this ward. The participant observation included all ten nurses who gave answers to the questions posed. Dialogs with nurses and patients consisted of 16 and 12 questions respectively. I have defined the following three aims: find out the specifics of nursing care for patients hospitalized in psychiatric hospitals; find out the patients? awareness of treatment options available; and find out the readiness of nurses to communicate with patients suffering from mental disorders. These aims were complemented with the following three research questions, asking: whether the nurses are aware of the specifics of nursing care for patients hospitalized in psychiatric hospitals; whether the patients are informed about treatment options; and whether the nurses are able to communicate with patients hospitalized in psychiatric hospitals when performing their nursing duties. The research has proved that nurses know the specifics associated with tending to patients hospitalized in psychiatric hospitals, and that they are able to communicate with insane patients. It was also discovered that the patients have been insufficiently informed about the treatment of their disorders, the examination procedure and possible post-examination complications. In order to improve the knowledge of nurses, it would be good practice to organize training in the psychiatric hospital aimed at the nursing care specifics and at communication with insane patients.
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The creative expression of children
KŘÍŽKOVÁ, Tereza
The diploma thesis is focused on graphic expressions of children with specific learning disabilities and its possible connection with graphic hand-mindedness skill, visual and spatial perception etc. In the theoretical part there are characterized specific learning disabilities, their indications, diagnostics and re-education. From available grounds there are figured some of visual drawing characteristics by children with specific learning disabilities. Furthermore this thesis deals with children graphic expression and its development stages. In the research part there are shown some typical features of visual imaging on the basis of picture exemplars by children with specific learning disabilities. There were confirmed some specialties of their graphic expression which are summarized in the concluding chapter.
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