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Possiblities of winter barley cultivation in CZ
Turnovec, Tomáš ; Křováček, Jan (advisor) ; Vašák, Jan (referee)
Winter barely is after winter wheat and spring barley third most grown cereal in the Czech Republic, grain yield rank id in 2nd place after winter wheat. In the Czech Republic winter barley is mainly used for feed purposes. The forage quality is the varieties with larger grain at the level of feed spring barley varieties. In the winter barley crop rotation allows favorable distribution of labor peaks in both drilling and especially in the harvest, because of the early harvest is best previous crop for rape. Economic benefit earliness of harvest of winter barley is also reducing the cost of holding stocks from the previous harvest, because it provides the first harvest of grain intended for production of animal feed.
The theme of this Bachelor thesis is to verify the suitability of cultivation of hybrid winter barley in the Czech Republic. The aim was to confirm or refute the claim that hybrid barley gives a higher yield in comparison with the line varieties.
In 2014 was founded 15 reference experiments in the Czech Republic. The selected sites were located at different altitudes and different soil conditions. Any attempt from 15 locations was based on an even plot with a total size of at least 4 hectares. 4 were sown winter barley varieties - two hybrid varieties, two line varietes - each variety over one hectare. Individual varieties were clearly separated aisle at least one meter, in order to subsequently ensure accurate income assessment.
As a hybrid winter barley varieties were sown varieties Galation and Wootan. As a comparative linear varieties of winter barley varieties were used designated as L1 and L2.
Results:
Location height above sea level soil type yield at 14% moisture (t/ha)
Wootan Galation Linie1 Linie2
Loštice (Šupmerk) 305 loamy 12,02 11,32 12,28 11,46
Kravaře (Česká Lípa) 300 loamy clay 11,76 11,08 10,50 9,75
Chrášťany (Rakovník) 405 loamy clay 11,57 9,59 10,06 9,71
Hostovice (Pardubice) 250 loamy clay 10,43 10,47 9,13 9,38
Krásné Údolí (K. Vary) 650 loamy sand 9,96 9,52 9,29 8,57
Nová Ves p. Pleší (Příb.) 395 loamy sand 9,87 10,01 7,63 7,39
Zdislavice (Benešov) 485 sandy loam 9,39 10,83 9,11 10,97
Hrotovice (Třebíč) 430 loamy sand 9,06 9,70 8,86 8,11
Jinín (Strakonice) 430 loamy clay 8,99 9,48 7,88 6,77
Záhoří (Benešov) 550 loamy clay 8,49 7,89 7,68 7,75
Trhové Sviny (ČB) 458 sandy loam 7,90 7,73 7,38 7,55
Vstiš (Plzeň jih) 370 loamy sand 7,37 7,16 6,14 5,83
Zbýšov (Kutná Hora) 390 loamy sand 6,75 7,45 6,30 5,48
Břeclav (Břeclav) 158 loamy sand 5,84 5,34 5,96 4,92
Hořice (Jičín) 410 loamy sand 5,83 5,95 4,73 4,57
The highest yield of hybrid winter barley was in the location Loštice with an altitude of 305 metres above sea level and loamy soil. Hybrid varieties are achieved the yield: Wootan - 12.02 t.ha-1, Galation - 11.32 t.ha -1. Along with three other locations, were even here the yield of hybrid varieties overcome by lines, Line 1 achieved the yield 12.28 t.ha-1 and Line 2 surpassed its yield of 11.46 t.ha-1 only hybrid variety Galation. The second highest yield was achieved in the location Kravaře with an altitude of 300 metres above sea level and loamy clay soil. Hybrid varieties in this area witj average yield 11,42 t.ha-1, surpassed the line varieties about 1,295 t.ha-1.
Although the vegetation year 2014/2015 was not in terms of climatic conditions ideal because of the widespread drought that has manifested itself in early 2015, hybrid winter barley amounted to an average 0.92 t.ha-1 a higher yield compared to a line varieties. The main reason, that hybrids are also better in stress conditions in the form of droughts, is their bigger and stronger construction and extensive root system that can draw moisture and nutrients from deeper soil horizon more efficiently than conventional line varieties. With regard to the quality, hybrid varieties in this respect are comparable to the lines.
In our experiments high yields was achieved. Yields exceeding more than 11 and somewhere even 12 tons per hectare can be considered as excellent.
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