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Orthopaedic splints - innovative nursing procedures
KOVAŘÍKOVÁ, Martina
The bachelor thesis deals with the aspects of nursing care of patients with orthopaedic splints. It focuses on all the activities carried out in these patients and how they differ according to various types of fixation. The impact of various types of fixation on patients was examined as well. There are two aims of the thesis: to find out how much the different types of orthopaedic splints affect the physical and mental state of a patient and to map the nursing care of patients with orthopaedic splints. To reach these aims 6 research questions were created: What are the most common used types of orthopaedic splints and why are they used? What is the extent of convenience and comfort of patients with different types of fixation? How is the mental state in patients with orthopaedic splints influenced? What procedures and activities does the nurse's work with different types of orthopaedic splints involve? What problems does the orthopaedic splints causes in providing nursing care? In what ways is the education of patients with orthopaedic splints conducted? The thesis is divided into a theoretical and an empirical part. In the theoretical part it deals with the history of rigid fixation and its division. The empirical part maps the work of nurses in patients with orthopaedic splints as well as the mental and physical state of such patients. To carry out the empirical part the research method of semi-structured interview was chosen. The research group consisted of 8 nurses working at the department of trauma and plastic surgery and of 9 patients with orthopaedic splints. It was found out that nurses taking care of patients with orthopaedic splints must have educational skills and the ability to assist the doctor with applying the fixation. Next, it was proved that the physical and mental state of the patient is not influenced only by the type of fixation but also by the location of the fixation and the patient's age and personality. The results of this thesis can be used in education of registered nurses.
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Positioning and application of orthoses in patients after acute brain damage
Barborková, Marie ; Dlouhá Maršálková, Alexandra (advisor) ; Angerová, Yvona (referee)
OF THE BACHELOR'S THESIS Author: Marie Barborková Supervisor: MUDr. Alexandra Dlouhá Maršálková Opponent: Title of bachelor's thesis: Positioning and application of orthoses in patients after acute brain damage. Abstract: The thesis is dealing with positioning and application of orthoses to patients after a brain damage, especially to those recovering from a stroke. The first part of the thesis is theoretical and is based on literature research and supported by foreign case studies. The general information about stroke and motor neurone syndrome is defined there together with information on positioning of a hemiparetic patient after a stroke and applying orthoses to prevent contractures, their treatment and effect on spasticity. The practical part of the thesis includes a study case of a patient who used the splint at night to hold the ankle in a neutral position. Using the theoretical information the practical part observes the effect of using the splint on spasticity and passive range of motion of the foot in dorsiflexion. The aim of the theoretical part is to review the knowledge about positioning and use of orthoses and splints for patients after a stroke, mainly oriented on prevention of contractures. The goal of the practical part is to compare the theoretical knowledge and gained information...
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Use of orthotic aids for children with cerebral palsy
PIPKOVÁ, Veronika
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a complex of disorders in the development of posture and ability to move which cause limitation of activity. It is an unprogressive disease, which begins in the prenatal, perinatal, or postnatal phase of a neonate. Although the disability does not progress, complex rehabilitation may improve the clinical state. There is a difference between the spastic and the non-spastic type. The major aim of this thesis is to map the possibilities of orthotic care for children suffering from CP and to evaluate the effect of physiotherapy with the use of chosen aids. Three probands suffering from hemiparetic CP participated in the research. The aim is to answer these research questions: What are the possibilities of orthotic care for children with cerebral palsy? What changes will occur in the postural behaviour of probands due to the physiotherapy with the use of orthotic aids? The theoretical part is concerned with the issues of CP. The disease is described in a general way and divided according to the time of beginning and type. Furthermore, the diagnostics and therapy are explained. It is also concerned with spasticity and its symptoms, mechanisms, diagnostics and therapy. An overview of orthotic aids, and experimental methods like posturography and surface electromyography are covered as well. The practical part deals with a qualitative research which was completed by case interpretations of three schoolchildren suffering from hemiparetic CP. The thesis includes an initial and a final kinesiologic analysis and a description of applied physiotherapies. Furthermore, it includes the results of posturogtaphy and surface electromyography focused on the orthotic aids used by the probands. The research took place in Centrum Arbida in České Budějovice and in the physiotherapy centre at the Faculty of Health and Social Sciences of The University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice. This thesis may be used as a comprehensive overview of the given issues and possibilities of orthotic therapy for children suffering from CP.
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