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Assessment of contamination in selected locations of Valašské Meziříčí
Dunajská, Sabina ; Pavlovský, Jiří (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
This thesis deals with soil contamination caused by heavy metals in the region of Valašské Meziříčí. The metals analysed were cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, manganese, nickel, lead, zinc. Metals were determined in 34 samples. The analyses were performed using AMA-254 and AAS methods. Contamination indices were used to assess the contaminated sites and health risks were also assessed.
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Optimizing experimental parameters for LIBS analysis of hard tissues
Fazlić, Aida ; Kuchynka,, Michaela (referee) ; Pořízka, Pavel (advisor)
Tato diplomová práce se zaměřuje na detekci a analýzu těžkých kovů, zejména olova (Pb), v tvrdých tkáních pomocí hydroxyapatitových standardů a spektroskopie laserem buzeného plazmatu (LIBS). Studie využívala různé vlnové délky laseru 1064 nm, 532 nm a 266 nm, stejně jako různé konfigurace laseru, včetně jednopulzní (SP, z angl. single-pulse) LIBS a dvojpulzní (DP, z angl. double-pulse) LIBS v ortogonálním a kolineárním uspořádání. Byla provedena optimalizace parametrů laseru, jako jsou vlnová délka, defokus, doba zpoždění, mezipulzní doba zpoždění a energie. Poměr signál-ke-šumu (SBR), limit detekce a rozlišení odpovídající průměru ablačního kráteru sloužily jako základní parametry pro určení optimální kombinace parametrů. Výsledky této studie poskytují důležité poznatky o optimálních parametrech LIBS pro detekci a analýzu těžkých kovů v tvrdých tkáních, což může mít potenciálně významné dopady pro lékařský výzkum.
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Study of the content of risk elements in river sediments of the Váh River
Držíková, Klára ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Komendová, Renata (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the analysis of selected heavy metals in the river sediment of the Váh River. The elements were selected based on their relatively frequent occurrence and adverse effects on humans, fauna, and flora. Also due to their ability of good accumulation and persistence in sediments. The selected elements have a chalcophile character, which plays a significant role in the occurrence of the elements at the sampling sites. The analysis of the collected sediment samples was carried out using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The highest concentration of zinc (386.58 mg/kg), followed by copper (57.67 mg/kg), lead (42.24 mg/kg), and the lowest concentration of mercury (0.332 mg/kg) was measured in the sediments. Sediments are used in agriculture and forestry to improve soil properties. Their application to soils is regulated by Slovak legislation, which sets limit values for risk elements in the concerned sediment and soil. These established limits were not exceeded in any of the sediment samples.
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Study of the interaction of hazardous metal – microplastic
Sinčáková, Lenka ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
Mikroplasty, široko zastúpené vo vodnom prostredí, slúžia ako vektor širokej škály kontaminantov, vrátane ťažkých kovov. Táto práca sa zaoberá adsorpciou piatich ťažkých kovov (Pb, Hg, Zn, Cu and Cd) na polyetylén tereftalát (PET), rozšírený polutant riek a morí. Pokiaľ ide o vplyv veľkosti mikroplastov na proces adsorpcie, nebol zistený jasný trend. Salinita prostredia má značný vplyv na adsorpčný proces s pozorovateľným poklesom adsorbovaných množstiev v prostredí s vysokou iónovou silou. Analyzované ťažké kovy boli zoradené vzostupne podľa ich schopnosti adsorpcie na PET nasledovne: Hg
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Preprocessing of sewage sludge for pyrolysis process
Ševčík, Jan ; Rusník,, Igor (referee) ; Bodík,, Igor (referee) ; Hlavínek, Petr (advisor)
The concept of sludge management at the level of sludge treating technology of sewage treatment plants, as well as at national, continental or world level, requires fundamental improvement in the interest of sustainable development. Sewage sludge production is continuously increasing. Sewage sludge contains a number of pollutants but also a significant renewable resource for material transformation and / or energy recovery. Sewage sludge is composed of an inorganic mineral part and organic components. Its organic part is a source of energy and nutrients, but also contains harmful pollutants for exapmple heavy metals. However, there are technologies that offer the possibility of neutralizing pollutants while using other sludge components in terms of recycling energy, nutrients and other attractive sludge components. The mentioned technologies include mainly thermal methods of sewage sludge treatment and one of them is pyrolysis. Thessis focuses on sewage sludge prepartation for pyrolysis process, which includes mixing with additives and peletization of prepared mixture for purposes of agricultural or energetical utilisation. Technology for material transformation and energy utilization of sewage sludge, in particular the mentioned pyrolysis or torrefaction, require an insignificant degree of detailed research in order to expand it in the field of sludge management. Indeed, it is not only research that will enable direct correct use of this technology in practice. The results of such research are the basis for the drafting of the relevant legislation, which will subsequently enable the deployment of pyrolysis technologies in practice.
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Inhibition of Hazardous Compounds in Alumino-Silicate Systems
Koplík, Jan ; Škvára, František (referee) ; Rovnaníková, Pavla (referee) ; Havlica, Jaromír (advisor)
The ability of alumino-silicate systems to immobilize hazardous compounds has been investigated since 1990s. The aim of this work is to develope alumino-silicate system (matrix) based on industrial waste products with ability to immobilize hazardous compounds (heavy metals). This ability of the matrix was confirmed by leaching tests based on the law 294/2005 Sb. Concentration of heavy metals in leachates was determined by ICP-MS method. Alumino-silicate system prepared in this work consists of high-temperature fly ash and blast furnace slag activated by mixture of alkaline activators (hydroxide and water glass). Matrixes were characterized by suitable analytic methods (XRD, SEM, FT-IR, DTA-TGA-EGA). The same analytic methods were used to describe the mechanism of immobilization of selected elements (Ba, Cu, Pb) in prepared systems.
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Study of road dust pollution using ICP mass spectrometry
Chalabala, Jan ; Komendová, Renata (referee) ; Vašinová Galiová, Michaela (advisor)
Nowadays, there are many studies focused on road dust as a matrix of interest because of its ability to accumulate contamination with contribution from road traffic. This master thesis is turned into study of road dust pollution from aglomeration of Ulaanbaatar, capital city of Mongolia. There are 113 samples devided on nine sets corresponding to major roads in Ulaanbaatar. Samples have been sieved on three size fractions and then decomposed by aqua regia. Middle size fraction 45–63 µm has been analyzed using ICP-MS mass spektrometry. For purposes of contamination assesment, analyzed elements have been devided into two groups: contaminants (Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb and As) and rare earth elements (REE). Measured contents for elements have been compared with values of geochemical backgroud. Firstly for each set of samples and secondly for each sampling point. For first group of elements (contaminants), antropogenic contamination have been found, especially in the centre of Ulaanbaatar. As a probable source of this contamination, road traffic for Cu, Zn and Pb and coal combustion for Pb a As, have been identified. For REE group hasn´t been found any antropogenic enrichment.
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Thick-film sensors for heavy metals detection
Gajdoš, Libor ; Majzlíková, Petra (referee) ; Prášek, Jan (advisor)
This project describes the possibilities of heavy metals detections in solutions using differential pulse voltammetry with tree-electrode electrochemical thick-film sensors. In the theoretical part, the thick-film technology is described as well as thick-film pastes’ types and compositions, followed by introduction to electrochemistry and electro-analytical methods of measurement. This project also describes the three measured heavy metals – cadmium, lead and copper. In the practical part, heavy metals’ ions detection in solutions using carbon working electrode and determination of the detection limit and sensitivity are described and discussed. Finally the evaluation of obtained results and results comparison to hygienic limits are included.
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Heavy metal contamination of selected Brno city localities
Šebková, Michaela ; Sommer, Lumír (referee) ; Dočekalová, Hana (advisor)
The aim of this work is to study the soil and plant contamination by heavy metals (lead, cadmium and mercury) in five selected places of Brno city. The sampling place Opuštěná represents the heavily polluted locality with high traffic density situated in the city centre. Sampling places Vídeňská and Podstránská belong to medium polluted localities, that are situated close to frequented roads. Relatively clean localities are represented by Musorgského and Šrámkova places, which are situated in peripheral city district with smaller traffic density. Soil and plants were sampled at two time periods (November 2008 and January 2009). Average amounts of mercury, cadmium and lead in collected soil samples are lower then limits of the Directive number 13/1994 of the Code of Ministry of the Environment. The content of heavy metals in soils corresponds to the sampling place. The highest value of metals content was found in the soil sampled at Opuštěná site. The content of lead and mercury in leaves of common dandelion was higher than the content in roots. In the case of cadmium the situation was opposite, the highest content was measured in underground part of the plant. It was found, that the content of heavy metals in leafy and underground part showed only small difference between sampling places. Nevertheless, the locality Opuštěná is found again as the highest contaminated place. Values of pH of collected soil samples were ranged in neutral area between 7 and 7,5.
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Carbon nanotubes utilization for fabrication of thick-film sensors electrodes
Polický, Jiří ; Adámek, Martin (referee) ; Prášek, Jan (advisor)
This work covers an area of heavy metals detection by miniaturized thick film sensors. Working electrode of these sensors was fabricated using thick film paste that was prepared as a nanocomposition of carbon nanotubes powder, suitable vehicle and a thinner. The response of fabricated electrodes to cadmium and lead ions was measured using differential pulse voltammetry in an acetate buffer solution using a three electrode sytem. The results were compared with the carbon electrode made from special commercial thick film polymer paste. Finally the possibility of working electrode surface activation with nitric acid and heavy metals on real biological sample detection is described here.
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