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Usage J. N. Giger and R. E. Davidhizar Model in Clinical and Community Practice in Roma Minority
TOUMOVÁ, Kristýna
The aim of this paper was to find out the specifics of nursing care in clinical and community practice in Roma minority. Furthermore, to find out which of these specifics are missing in the J. N. Giger and R. E. Davidhizar nursing model and modify the nursing documentation based on this conceptual model accordingly. A combination of qualitative and quantitative research was used to achieve the set goals. The whole research was carried out within the framework of the team research project of GAJU No. 048/2015/S. Within the qualitative survey, 8 interviews with members of the Roma minority were carried out to verify the context of individual areas of the conceptual model. Furthermore, the focus group technique was used with nurses from clinical and community practice to verify the use of modified nursing documentation. The quantitative research used a non-standardised questionnaire based on the conceptual model areas for 600 respondents from the Roma minority. The research carried out has shown that health is one of the highest values in life for Roma people. Although health comes first, their way of life does not match this finding. This mainly concerns the area of substance abuse and disease prevention. Health care is influenced by their education. The more educated the individual is, the more they visit a doctor, they keep the treatment regimen and more generally they look after their health. The Roma minority is a relatively closed group of inhabitants, which to this day is difficult to assimilate into the majority society. Nevertheless, there is a gradual loss of some specific features. Above all, it is the loss of knowledge of the Roma language or the failure to observe some traditional Roma customs and traditions. This is mainly influenced by the social environment of the individual. All information obtained is clearly presented in the proposed documentation according to the Model of thoughtful and adapted care. Using this model provides us with a comprehensive assessment of the individual and the ability to better plan nursing care according to the needs of each individual.
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Nurse and the Care for Patients from Different Cultures
MÁLKOVÁ, Lenka
Increased migration brings together more cultures, so there are more frequent encounters with these patients in healthcare. For these reasons, nursing staff should choose the right approach and focus on the patient's specific needs. The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis deals with transcultural nursing, its history and basic concepts related to this issue. Attention is also paid to nurses' attitudes, patient needs and cultures' specifics. Two aids were set in the bachelor thesis, the first one was to map how nurses perceive a patient from different culture, the second one was to find out the most common problems occuring during practice. A qualitative survey using semi-structured interview with nurses working in hospital and outpatient care was used to determine the results. The results were then categorized into categories and subcategories by pencil and paper method. On the basis of the research, it was found that nurses try to perceive all patients in the same way. However, they realize that they sometimes encounter prejudices which they try to avoid. The issues related to the most common problems that nurses face were extensit. Nurses most often deal with communication difficulties, such as misunderstanding, language barriers, and disobeying all information from healthcare professional. In addition, problems with food, frequent, numerous and noisy visits, aggression, shame or fear of pain were also mentioned. In the case of believers, there were also mentioned problems with prayer rituals. The results of the bachelor thesis can be used for presentation at a professional conferenceor in a professional journal.
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