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Urinary tract infections caused by Staphylococcus saprophyticus
FORMÁNEK, Karel
This bachelor's thesis deals with infections of urinary tracts caused by Staphylococcus saprophyticus. S. saprophyticus belongs into coagulase-negative staphylococci. It is a cause of uncomplicated urinary tract infection. In theoretical section I focused on genus of Staphylococcus, which belongs into resistant microbes, despite the fact they do not generate spores. Staphylococcus taxonomy has been developed in past four decades, nowadays are known 54 genuses of staphylococci. S. saprophyticus belongs to coagulase-negative staphylococci, it is resistant to novobiocin and it is a producer of enzyme of urease. Practical section was carried out at laboratory of medical microbiology, bacteriological department in local hospital, in České Budějovice, a.s. under the professional supervision. I worked with urinal samples in automatic system HB&L UROQUATTRO. The most frequent method for identification S. saprophyticus is mass spectrometry MALDI-TOF. In every single genus I made sensitivity for antibiotics. Via statistic processing of results I came to a conclusion that capture of S.saprophyticus as a cause of urine tract infection according to gender in year 2013 was occurred at 94,7% of women and 5,3% of men, in year 2014 results were analogous. Age distribution of the biggest capture of patients was between 20-40 years.
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Current possibilities of laboratory diagnosis of staphylococcal infections
CHRTOVÁ, Lucie
Laboratory diagnostics of Staphylococccal infections is based on direct evidence, like microscopy and cultivation, eventually on molecular genetics methods. The objective of this thesis is the presentation of nowadays possibilities in laboratory diagnostics of coagulase - negative staphylococcal infections and comparsion of two methods of identification used in the routine laboratory practice. First part of the thesis presents the genus Staphylococcus and the difference between it and the genuses Micrococcus and Peptococcus. The following part of this thesis shows the distribution of genus Staphylococcus in two main groups (Staphylococcus coagulase - positive and coagulase - negative), based on the ability to coagulate plasma. The description of these two main groups contains their morphological and cultivation features, antigen structure, virulence factors, pathogenesis and laboratory diagnostics. In the methodical part the pre-analytic and analytic phase is mentioned. The focus of the pre-analytic part the general priciples of collection and transport for microbiological analysis and the collection of material itself. The methodical part was performed in the České Budějovice Hospital - Laboratory of Medical Microbiology - Department of Bacteriology. This part of the thesis presents the differentiation of staphylococci by latex agglutination (PROLEX TM STAPH LATEX KIT) and then specific identification of 52 strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from central venous catheters , hemocultures and other clinical important materials is following. The specific identification of all the 52 strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci was performed by biochemical identification by STAPHYtest 16 (ErbaLachema) and parallel by mass spectrometry MALDI-TOF (system VITEK MSTM). The correct identification reached 96,2 % by the method of mass spectrometry MALDI-TOF and 67,3 % by biochemical identification STAPHYtest 16. The most frequent species isolated was Staphylococcus epidermidis (64 %), then Staphylococcus hominis ssp. hominis (10 %), Staphylococcus capitis (6 %), Staphylococcus warneri (6 %), Staphylococcus lugdunensis (4 %), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (4 %), Staphylococcus hominis (4 %), Staphylococcus caprae (2 %). The comparsion of both named methods shows the mass spectrometry more reliable, faster and simpler method, and more suitable for routine laboratory work.
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