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Midwives in České Budějovice at the turn of the 19th and the 20th century
LIŠKOVÁ, Lenka
This bachelor work is focused on working of midwives acting at the turn of the nineteenth and the twentieth century in České Budějovice. It was time when demands for hygiene increased and new knowledge in midwifery were emerging. Risk of woman and child dying during birth decreased. Although number of obstetrician was growing, were services of the midwives in the end of the nineteenth century and in the early twentieth century still plentifully sought out. Basic sources of this work are instructions and official protocols from 1887-1925, which concern about midwives working in České Budějovice, and church birth registry from 1900 run by St. Nicholas Church in České Budějovice. Furthermore scientific monographies and magazine articles refering to history of midwifery were used.
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A history of the profession and education of the midwives
Vaňková, Vendula ; Alušík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Černý, Karel (referee)
This work deals with the process of mapping the history of the profession and education of midwives, focusing on the Czech lands. The first mention of the existence of midwives dates back to the 2nd millennium BC (ancient Egypt, ancient Greece). Already at this time there was a detailed knowledge about pregnancy, childbirth and the complications that could occur. The aim of this work is to find out as much information and knowledge as possible about the way and system of education of midwives from the beginnings (given the available sources this is the period from the Late Middle Ages to the Early Modern times) to the present. The introductory chapters first describe the times where there was no comprehensive education system for midwives, so the teaching took place in such a way that a young girl served an apprenticeship with an experienced midwife, who passed all her knowledge and experiences on to her. Only since the end of the 18th century a compulsory training and qualification testing for midwives were introduced. In these days, future midwives prepare for the profession at universities by studying the bachelor's program in Midwifery, that lasts 3 years. The next chapters of the thesis discuss the general conditions that any midwife had to meet in order to do this profession (including the...
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The need of community care for a women during childbirth
VNOUČKOVÁ, Marie
This thesis focuses on support of community care during pregnancy, birth and the puerperium for low risk women. It points out the effectivness of care, where midwives are the primary care providers. It takes into consideration health and well-being of mothers, children and whole families. It deals with different systems of care in various european and non-european countries. It gathers knowledge about possibilities of community care and possibilities for its inclusion in the array of maternity health services. It searches for options of succesful development of community care in the Czech Republic in order to satisfy the needs of pregnant women.
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Midwifery activities from Pacov parish in the second half of the 19. century
Kubíčková, Kristýna ; Štěpánová, Irena (advisor) ; Dědovský, Daniel (referee)
The main theme of the thesis submitted is the midwifery practice in Pacov parish surroundings in the period of the 2nd half of the 19th century. Based on the studies of professional literature and archival files of diverse nature, the motivation of women to choose a midwife's profession, their education at Charles-Ferdinand University, but also the socioprofessional structure of their clientage, the issues of wages, emergency christenings, godparenthood avd many others, were studied. Using a micro-historical method, a group of 5 midwives, who got involved not only in Pacov, but also in other villages assigned to its parish, was monitored. Inspiration by historical demography is noticeable particularly in the chapters, in which the frequency of assistances at births of each of the midwives, or their filling in the role of godmothers are monitored.
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Symbols of exclusion from society in folk tradition
JUŘICOVÁ, Iveta
The dissertation titled Symbols of exclusion from society in folk tradition concentrates on the interaction of symbols and folk tradition. It explores the way the phenomenon of love and death is traditionally viewed in the Czech country, namely during the Middle Ages and modern times. The main focus of this dissertation is on the social roles of women, although it also shows proof of social exclusion of a man as an executioner. To demonstrate the reasons behind excluding individuals on the outskirts of society, the author also gives short characteristics of the views on the issue of chastity, traditional expectations of fulfilling the female social roles - as virgins, wives and mothers. The author then gives examples of behavior which, in folk tradition, were looked upon as impure/virtueless.
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Bonding - opinions of medical staffs and mothers
KŘIVANOVÁ, Šárka
Bonding is a process by which is created a relationship between mother and child. The foundations of emotional bonds are built, foundations of a loving relationship. In its course we try to aim a maximal contact between mother and her newborn child and so improve its start to life. Right support of bonding contributes not only to psychological and emotional site, but to immunologic as well. (Mrowetz a kol., 2011). The theoretical part is concerned mainly with bonding description, further description of a delivery without bonding support and the participation of nearby persons by the delivery or the woman psychic and prenatal psychology. Research part of this thesis was concerned with investigation about bonding as a whole by 3 groups of respondents. The first group was built by six midwifes working in delivery rooms in different hospital in the area of Czech Republic. Second part was put together from six children's sisters, who work with at newborn department and came to care for newborns after delivery. Sisters form different hospitals were approached in this case too. To the last group were six women integrated in various stage of pregnancy. What pregnancy was it for the woman was not decisive for interviews. Before processing of this thesis were set two goals. First goal was to find out, if mid wives and children's sisters at delivery room know, what it is bonding and how to use it with advantages for the newborn and how to establish the first contact between mother and child. Second goal is to find out, to what extend is a pregnant woman informed about possibilities to improve the start of the newborn to life with the help of bonding. From these two goals emerged tree research questions, from which two were for medical staff (Does the medical staff have suitable and adequate conditions for bonding? In what does medical staff see the contribution of bonding?) and one for mothers (What do you imagine under the term bonding and in what do you see its sense?). For these research questions were seeked answers by getting and processing of each half structured interviews. For the research process was used the qualitative method. From the results of the research emerged, that medical staff does not have sufficient information about bonding usage by delivery. They answered identically to given bibliography to the basic questions, however they did not fully master particular elements of bonding. Midwives and newborn´s sister believe they do not have enough staff for adequate bonding usage, however they are willing to support bonding on mother-to-be wishes. They are not so obliging by the C-section. In this case they present unsatisfactory conditions for its usage like not enough staff, time and space. To the second research question was given this answer. The contribution of bonding sees the medical staff in the creation of positive bond between mother and child and in god adaptation of the child to new environment. According their meaning does bonding bring a positive experience form the delivery and improving of mother role admission, less stress for mother and child and even quicker after-delivery adaptation. Mothers imagine under the term bonding a contact of a mother with her child. The meaning of bonding they see in the building of psychic contentment and general soothing of mother and her child, in reaching better relationship between mother and child and in quicker lactation start. It is necessary to continue in raising of public awareness concerning bonding. In my opinion is necessary to realize more lectures and trainings about bonding contributions, especially from the site of psychologist so the contributions of bonding to the benefit of mothers and newborns can be used.
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Maternal comfort during spontaneous and induced labour
BERANOVÁ, Jana
Bachelor thesis deals with comfort of a mother-to-be during spontaneous and induced labour. Spontaneous labour has assumed on the basis of natural mechanisms of a woman´s organism and was going on without obstetrician´s interventions. In the opposite we understand with the induced labour an artificial evocation of the womb activity in order to end pregnancy with a vaginal delivery. Comfort is closely connected with the delivery; it is defined as situation of physical, psychic and social well-being or peace. Bibliography distinguishes between a physic and social comfort and an environmental comfort. In the theoretical part of this work is this closer described based on quoted bibliography and newest findings in this field. Further is in detail elaborated the nursing care of women in induced and spontaneous labour and the role of midwives during all delivery phases. The practical part of the thesis is aimed to perception of comfort differences at spontaneous and induced delivery by women during the labour. For this thesis was set only one goal, just to find out exactly the difference in perception of spontaneous and induced delivery by mothers-to be during the delivery. Two research questions were determined. Wording of the first question: "How do women evaluate the difference of pain perception of the womb activity at spontaneous and induced labour?" Second questions pursued differences in the medical procedures: "How do women evaluate the difference in medical procedures in case of a spontaneous and induced delivery?" For processing of this problematic and finding out of the given goal was chosen a quality research. For the data collection was used the technique of half structured interviews. These interviews were later processed with the method of content analysis. The research array were women after labour at the puerperium department of hospital Nemocnice Strakonice, a. s. For the quality research were eight women selected, who have the experience with both types of the labour (spontaneous and induced). Based on these quality research results were reached further described conclusions and answers to research questions. The majority of respondents handled better the spontaneous labour. Only one respondent was more satisfied with the progress of inducted delivery. All approached respondents realized that inconveniencies and pain, which accompany the labour, are inseparable part of the labour action, however there were detected significant differences primarily in experiencing of womb contractions. During the spontaneous delivery expectant mothers reported gradual entrance of contractions, so they could have used to the pain and get ready for it. During the induced delivery was the ache sudden, sharper and permanently intense. The biggest difference in the delivery leading experienced all respondents (without one) in the possibility of free movement, which was possible only during the spontaneous labour. During the induced labour was the motion supposedly restricted by frequent CTG-checks and often repeated vaginal screening. Further they could have drunk and eaten during the spontaneous delivery. They have used more non-pharmacologic relief methods by the spontaneous delivery too - like relief positions, aromatherapy, gymnastic ball, massages, shower etc. During the induced delivery they have already asked for pharmacologic methods. An effort of the expert public, mostly of the midwife, is to create the best possible level of comfort to women in labour, so they are satisfied with the labour progress and manage the own delivery best possibly. This bachelor thesis can serve as information material for pregnant women, who are actively getting ready for coming labour. Even future midwives, who prepare their selves for this job can use it, alternatively is it aimed for special midwives ("duly") and other persons attending the delivery.
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