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Hmyzí škůdci ovocných dřevin v sadech postižených tornádem
Mančíková, Radka
Observations of insect pests were carried out in 2022 and 2023 on domestic apple trees in two orchards in the Hodonín region, in Lužice, in an orchard affected by a tornado, and in Prušánky. During the observation of overwintering stages of pests, a total of 6 159 individuals from two orders, four families, were recorded in 2022. The most abundant family was Diaspididae (5 922 individuals), followed by Tetranychidae (151 individuals), Psyllidae (63 individuals), and Aphididae (22 individuals). In 2023, there was a significant decline in the abundance of representatives of all families. On average, the abundance of pests was higher in the experimental plot in Prušánky. Two species – Aphis pomi and Eriosoma lanigerum – were recorded during aphid observations during the growing season. A total of 733 colonies were recorded, the species distribution was roughly the same in both plots. The apple trees damaged by the tornado had the lowest number of aphid individuals. Using a pheromone trap for Cydia pomonella, its occurrence was confirmed in both experimental plots. The observation period was from 1 May to 31 August, and two peaks of occurrence were recorded during this period. With beating, total of 331 individuals, 7 insect species from 5 families, were recorded during the period from 22 August to 25 September. The most abundant species was the apple sawfly (Hoplocampa testudinea) (80 individuals).
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Škodlivost obalečů na ovocných dřevinách ve vybraných sadech na jižní Moravě
Fröhlich, Pavel
During the 2018 season, five species of leaf rollers, which are harmful to fruit trees, were monitored (Cydia pomonella, C. funebrana, C. molesta, Enarmonia formosana and Pandemis heparana). The monitoring was carried out using pheromone traps in fruit orchards in south Moravia (Lednice, Starý Lískovec, Nosislav and Velké Bílovice) with varying wood preservation intensity. C. molesta reached the highest abundance, on average 241 individuals were caught in one pheromone trap, it was observed at all three study plots, in Lednice these species reached the highest abundance with 235 individuals. First imago was caught on the 27th of April, last imago on the 16th of September. One non-target species (Epiblema scutulana) was detected in this pheromone. C. funebrana was the second most abundant species, which was detected at both study plots,on average 148 individuals of C. funebrana were detected in one trap, the highest abundance was found in Lednice (224). First imago was detected on the 7th of May, last imago on the 26th of August. Five non-target species were caught in this pheromone, Gypsonoma sociana, G. nitidulana, G. aceriana, Eucosma fervidana and E. lacteana. Enarmonia formosana reached high abundance, caught at both study plots, 140 individuals were caught on average in one pheromone trap, the highest abundance was in Starý Lískovec with 199 of pieces. Cnephasia stephensiana, in particular, was caught as nontarget species, rarely Eucosma cumulana. Cydia pomonella was found at all three study areas, on average there were 84 individuals in the trap, 150 individuals in Starý Lískovec. First imago was caught on the 26th of April. There were no non-target moth species found in this pheromone trap. Pandemis heparana was registered at two study plots, 15 individuals were caught on average in one trap, the highest abundance was in Starý Lískovec with 19 individuals. P. heparana was not detected in Nosislav. First imago was caught on the 13th of May and the last on the 16th of September. Non-target species Noctua fimbriata and N. interjecta were caught in this pheromone.
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Škůdci jabloně v okrajové části Drahanské vrchoviny
Popelková, Eliška
Bachelor thesis is aimed at pests occurring in apple-trees in marginal part of Drahanská vrchovina. Apple-tree pests research was conducted by pheromone traps in village named Dzbel at Drahanská vrchovina in season 2018. In thesis I dealt with four species, Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus 1758), Pandemis heparana (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775), Lymantria dispar (Linnaeus, 1758) and Euproctis chrysorrhoea (Linnaeus, 1758). From monitored species the most abundant was Cydia pomonella in number of 86 individuals which were captured in pheromone trap for him and 117 individuals which were captured in pheromone trap for Euproctis chrysorrhoea. Males by Lymantria dispar were captured during the season in number of 11 and male by Euproctis chrysorrhoea was captured just one. Pandemis heparana did not appear in the garden. Not only targeted species were captured, but also nontargeted species, seven of which were Noctua fimbriata (Linnaeus 1758) and were captured in trap for Euproctis chrysorrhoea. Also, three species were found, from each only one. In trap for Euproctis chrysorrhoea were caught Oligia strigilis (Linnaeus 1758), for Lymantria dispar were Lymantria monacha (Linnaeus 1758) and for Cydia pomonella was caught Pasiphila rectangulata (Linnaeus 1758).
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CpSAT-1, a transcribed satellite sequence from the codling moth,\kur{Cydia pomonella\kur{}}
DALÍKOVÁ, Martina
Satellite DNA represents one of the major components of repetitive genome components. Recent research is bringing more and more evidence about importance of this type of DNA, which can play both structural and functional roles in eukaryotic genomes. In this study, we described newly discovered satellite DNA in Cydia pomonella, CpSAT-1. Although this satDNA can be found in all chromosomes, it is surprisingly underrepresented on the W chromosome, the only heterochromatin block in Cydia pomonella genome. The CpSAT-1 is transcribed in all tested developmental stages and tissues. However, the potentially functional motives were found predominantly in non-conserved parts of monomer sequence. Thus the function of this new satellite DNA remains unknown.
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Zhodnocení atraktivity syntetických feromonů od různých výrobců pro vybrané druhy obalečů (Tortricidae)
Jakubíková, Klára
Monitoring of tortricid species Cydia pomonella, Grapholita molesta, G. funebrana, G. janthinana, G. lobarzewskii, and Pandemis heparana was executed in the cadastre of Zlámanec (Zlín region) from year 2013 to 2015. Investigated areas were orchards, shrubbery biotopes and forest edges. Pheromones distributed by different producers were compared too. Data of known pests was equal as data from previous researches. Numbers of G. molesta declined within a few years and the highest abundance of this species was registered in orchards. G. janthinana was found in shrubberies, whereas the higher occurrence of G. lobarzewskii was executed in orchards. P. heparana was not caught. 20 non-target species of Tortricidae was also registered. Cacoecimorpha pronubana was caught for the first time in outdoor biotopes of the Czech Republic, and Oegoconia novimundi was caught in unusually high numbers of specimens. Comparison of pheromones showed that the lures for G. funebrana by Pherobank were more efficient, whereas those for G. molesta by Propher s.r.o. functioned better.
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Isolation and characterization of highly repetitive fraction of codling moth, \kur{Cydia pomonella}
VĚCHTOVÁ, Pavlína
Repetitive DNA comprises substantial part of the eukaryotic genome. ?Junk DNA?, as it was originally understood at the beginning of its discovery has attracted a lot of attention lately due to many studies proving its functional perspectives. Analysis of its dynamics, characteristics and distribution has been widely studied in organisms with monocentric chromosomes. Holokinetic system, however, was left behind in these efforts and whole image of repetitive DNA distribution and dynamics in this system remains to be elucidated. In this thesis various approaches were used to isolate and characterise repetitive DNA in the genome of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella. Satellite DNA CPSAT-1 was successfully isolated, characterised with Dot blot and Southern blot and mapped with FISH in the genome of C. pomonella. 17 microsatellite probes were used to localize microsatellite arrays in the genome of C. pomonella. Method of microsatellite FISH revealed distribution of all tested microsatellites in C. pomonella complement.
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