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Compliance with the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocols in armed conflict since 1990.
ČERMÁKOVÁ, Irena
The armed conflicts to humanity for centuries. Almost always the reason for armed conflict dominion over certain territories. If we focus on armed conflicts closest to us history, it is clear that these include first and second World War. These two wars have caused thousands of deaths on all sides and great hardship of the civilian population. After World War II it seemed that the end of armed conflicts. Nevertheless, followed by the war in Korea or Vietnam, where once again innocent civilians died. But this is more than fifty years of history. Unfortunately, the armed conflict is still repeated, and since 1990 there were more than a hundred and twenty. Although not a war of such magnitude, which is involved in the entire world, but they have also been responsible for hundreds of deaths. The trend of conflict after the Cold War is undoubtedly the killing of civilians. Unfortunately, the loss ratio for the armed forces and civilians dramatically changed. Particularly in Africa are relatively small losses on fighting units. But civilians are dying by the hundreds of thousands. Reasons for armed conflict after the Cold War are different. In most cases, however, it is the territory and related ethnic cleansing, or wealth, which are eg. in Africa diamonds. The purpose of my thesis was draw attention to the constant threats to fundamental human rights in armed conflicts are totally ignored. The theoretical part describes international humanitarian law, which should be the basis for armed conflict. And describes the basic principles of international humanitarian law and the types of armed conflict under international humanitarian law. The theoretical part also describes some of the articles of the Geneva Conventions and the Additional Protocols to the armed conflict since 1990 are the most commonly used and are very serious. Due to the number of armed conflicts since 1990, which was more than 120, is shown in the work of ten selected armed conflicts. In selected conflicts are described various war crimes that were committed against the civilian population. These crimes are similar in countries that are a common culture or mentality. In African countries is the same crimes. The difference is mostly in scale committing these war crimes. The same is true even in the conflicts in the former Yugoslavia. In this thesis were consumed interviews with some participants armed conflicts, which greatly helps us to better understand the war crimes that were committed during the armed conflict. Processing and evaluation of the results was done in MS Word and MS Excel.
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Awareness of civilian population to give first aid upon occurence of emergency event
ULBRICHOVÁ, Dagmar
First aid represents the first and extremely important stage in the emergency medical procedure. The necessity to provide first aid may arise at any time as the current modern era poses numerous new risks which may cause many extraordinary events with consequences for individuals and groups of people or even for entire populations. Therefore the professional training of the population should stress first aid as it may reduce vulnerability and improve resistance of the population against extraordinary events, the number of which keeps growing. The objective of the thesis was to assess whether the civilian population is prepared to provide first aid in case of an extraordinary event. The research methods to meet the mentioned objective and to obtain the information necessary for results processing included a questionnaire and analytical examination. The questionnaire consisted of 15 previously prepared questions. The questions in the questionnaire were divided into four parts based on specific formulated objectives. The questionnaire survey was conducted in the South Bohemian region in the town of Tábor. The target group consisted of 250 respondents of both sexes, selected at random in four different age categories. The first group of respondents consisted of respondents aged 10- 20, the second category 20- 40, the third category 40- 60 and the last one consisted of respondents over 60 years of age. The preparedness of the population was examined at three levels, i.e. at the level of knowledge, level of emotions and experience level and the level of motivation. The formulated hypothesis: ?Civilian population is ready to provide first aid in agreement with applicable first aid standards? has been confirmed only partly at those three levels. The thesis also produced some secondary results concerning assessment of vulnerability and resistance of the population during the provision of first aid under extraordinary circumstances. One of the secondary outcomes was a finding that seniors seem to be by far most vulnerable and, on the contrary, the category aged 20- 40 seems to be the most resistant. Within the possibilities and scope of my thesis I have attempted to contribute to identification of important aspects that potentially influence the willingness of people to provide first aid and to highlight the importance of first aid training.
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