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Processsing of food supplements based on medical types of mushrooms
Vetchá, Vendula ; Uhlířová, Renata (referee) ; Hoová, Julie (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the characterization of nutrition substances in medical mushrooms, specifically Ganoderma lucidum and Hericium erinaceus. It also focuses on the biological impact of these rare mushrooms on human cell lines HaCaT and Caco-2, and investigates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 by immortalized keratinocytes and colon cancer cells after exposure to aqueous extracts prepared from mushroom powder. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the characterization of mushrooms in terms of morphological characteristics and their taxonomic classification. It further studies the effects of edible and medicinal species and provides a detailed description of medicinal mushrooms such as Ganoderma lucidum, Lentinula edodes, Flammulina velutipes, Grifola frondosa, Hericium erinaceus and Pleurotus ostreatus, thesis informing about their effects, utilization and possibilities for application in the food and pharmaceutical industries. It mentions possible negative effects of mushrooms on consumers' health and presents methods for processing mushrooms and their use in the food industry. Finally, it focuses on the possibilities of in vitro toxicity testing and provides a brief overview of commonly used cytotoxicity tests such as the MTT test and LDH test. The experimental part of the thesis deals with the preparation of water extracts from mushroom powders and their characterization in terms of nutritional and biologically active substances. HPLC analysis is used to monitor the content of lipophilic substances and vitamin C in mushroom samples. To confirm the biological effect on human health, antimicrobial tests were performed using four model microorganisms, and cytotoxicity tests were performed on two human cell lines. Lastly, a sensory analysis of instant vegetable soup enriched with mushroom powder was performed. Biological effects of the analyzed powdered extracts from Ganoderma lucidum mushroom have been confirmed, especially their cytotoxic effect on colon epithelial tumor cells. However, the application of reishi in the food industry is not easy due to the presence of triterpenoids that cause a bitter taste. On the other hand, the safety of using the Hericium erinaceus mushroom in food has been confirmed through cytotoxicity tests. Sensory analysis results have shown a positive effect of Hericium erinaceus on the taste profile of instant vegetable soups.
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