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Electron beam welding at ISI Brno
Dupák, Libor ; Zobač, Martin ; Vlček, Ivan ; Zobačová, Jitka
In vacuum technology, and especially in UHV, we often encounter the necessity of joining\nparts of various metals in combination with the demand for perfect vacuum tightness,\ncleanness of joints and minimum deformations. Electron beam welding belongs to the\nbest technologies capable of fulfilling such requirements.\nThe principle of electron beam welding is based on the transfer of the kinetic energy of the\nincident accelerated electrons to the welded material in the form of heat. The temperature in\nthe spot rises with the beam power density. At power densities as high as 104 - 106 W/mm2,\nthe melted material at the center of the focal point evaporates. This produces a vapor capillary surrounded by melted material that allows the beam to penetrate deeper and melt more material. The speed of the penetration can be much higher than the heat transfer by\nconduction into the surrounding material. This results in narrow melted area and typical knifelike\nprofile of the weld. Thanks to this effect the thermal deformations of welded\npieces are highly reduced to almost none. Small heat affected zone also allows welding near\nheat sensitive parts like sensors, ceramic feed-throughs and brazed joints.

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