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Content of NaCl in hypertonics at the ordination of the practical doctor
JANOUŠEK, Matěj
The main aim of this bachelor thesis called "Content of NaCl in hypertonics at the ordination of the practical doctor" is to determine the diet quality of people suffering from high blood pressure. The emphasis is put on sodium intake and the overall energy from protein, fats and carbohydrates. The theoretical part deals with salt both from historical and contemporary point of view. In the centre of my attention is the overuse of salt, salt occurrence in food and the need to reduce the amount of salt in our overall diet, for it has negative health effects. This work also deals with the hypertension itself. I explain its definition, division, pathogenesis and the individual factors. I also mention the increased probability of illness which may occur due to hypertension. Another important part of my work is the recommended lifestyle and precautions both for prevention and cure of hypertension. The practical part deals with the conducted research. I assess the forms from my respondents. These week forms enabled the respondents to keep track of their diet. The forms were given to people suffering from hypertension by their practical doctor, who gave me back those filled-in forms later. Respondents also filled-in their weight, height, age and sex. The collected data were processed via a programme called "Nutriservis professional". I calculated the recommended energy intake from protein, fats, carbohydrates and sodium based on the collected data, which I compared with the findings of Nutriservis. These findings show us, if the energy intake from protein, fats, carbohydrates and sodium is according to the recommended values. The final discussion generalises my findings.
The problems of self-monitored blood pressure
HEVEROVÁ, Jiřina
Basic theoretical background: The hypertension is a disease in which the blood pressure 140/90 mm Hg, and these values are measured at at least two of the three measurements. Arterial hypertension is one of the most common limit disease with a high prevalence in the adult population in industrialized countries. Aims of the thesis: The aids od the thesis was as to determine whether patients adhere to the principle of self-monitoring of blood pressure using a pressure gauge in the upper arm at home. Furthermore, to determine the most common mistakes patients during self monitoring of blood pressure using a pressure gauge in the upper arm at home. These targets were established research questions: Do they adhere to treating patients with hypertension guidelines for the measurement of blood pressure gauge in the upper arm? Are the errors existing in the measurement of blood pressure gauge in the upper arm? The last research question was: What mistakes do occur, the measurement of TK (gauge in the upper arm) in the home environment for patients undergoing treatment with hypertension most often? Methodology: The empirical part of bachelor work was done using the qualitative research, which was chosen for the data collection technique using individual semi-structured interviews, supplemented by observation in patients with hypertension that home blood pressure measurement using the upper arm a tonometer. The data were collected in March 2014 with respondents, who were selected using the snowball technique. The interview included a pre-prepared questions. Answers of respondents have been recorded in the recording sheet and the recording equipment. The observation was made an observation sheet with the criteria and then created a table below describes the criteria for assessing organizations. The group consisted of 8 respondents. There are four men and four women. The respondents were familiar with the questions in advance and the actual interview was recorded in writing and the recording equipment. All respondents agreed with the observation that took place before the interview. Results: The research results show that more than half of the respondents do not comply with dietary measures (see diagram 2). Another category was focused on the use of medication. Five of the eight respondents taking medications regularly Most respondents answered o the question regarding the occurrence of adverse effects that they do not have side effects.Only two respondents have indicated adverse effects (see diagram 4). The startling finding was that only half of the respondents were aware of adverse effects. In the category of blood pressure measurements showed that all except for the respondent 1, other respondents carried out to measure its pressure in the morning and 1 respondent plus two others measurements performed in the evening (see diagram 6). Each of respondent was asked different frequency measurement, only a few of the respondents agreed (see diagram 5).This category contained three subsections in which we dealt as the position of the respondents have the measurement of your blood pressure (see diagram 7) instead of measuring blood pressure of the respondents (see diagram 8) and the distance from the elbow cuffs well (see diagram 9). In the last category were identified principles that respondents know for correct measurement of blood pressure (see diagram 10). Conclusion: Arterial hypertension is a very dangerous disease, it is important to have this disease, at least partially controlled by measuring the blood pressure. It is important that all hypertensives knew and adhered to the principles for measuring blood pressure.The result of this work is to evaluate the most common mistakes self-monitoring of blood pressure, hypertensive who have committed in home care.This output should be used to assess and prevent further errors in the measurement of blood pressure, for possible patient education nursing staff.
The nurse's role of educating patient with hypertension disease.
HEJNOVÁ, Iveta
The present bachelor thesis called "The Role of a Nurse in the Educational Process Aimed at a Patient with Hypertension" deals with the issue of high blood pressure with stress on the education provided by a nurse, which is a really current topic at present. The thesis is divided into two parts. In the first, theoretical part we focused on the facts known from theoretical literature about the issue of high blood pressure, nonpharmacological treatment and educational activity. We deal with the characteristics of hypertension, blood pressure measurement methods in nursing care, the risk factors, symptoms, the treatment of the disease, complications and the nursing care of a hypertonic patient. We also deal with the treatment model according to Henderson, which is applied in cardiology. We also mention the Centre of Prevention of Civilisation Diseases in České Budějovice, The second part deals with an empiric research performed in 2015 and 2016, its course and its results. The main goal of the research was to reveal the phenomena in the field of education for patients with the diagnosis of hypertension in relation to a change of the lifestyle. The research was performed in a hospital and in offices of general practitioner in South Bohemia Region. After setting the main goal we set the intellectual, practical and personnel goals. On the base of the set goals we prepared five research questions, on which further questions used in interviews with respondents were based. A semi-structured interview consisting of basic and supplementary questions was applied to the research. The supplementary questions were asked when necessary during the interviews with the respondents. The research sample consists of two groups of respondents. Nurses from two types of workplaces from a cardiology department and offices of general practitioners formed the first group. The second group consisted of patients with diagnosed hypertension from the cardiology department and from offices of general practitioners. The research was originally going to continue in a cardiology outpatient department but this plan was abandoned upon recommendation of the head nurse. Despite of this fact we are convinced that the overall results of the research provide important knowledge of the examined phenomenon. We focused on implementation of the educational process from the points of view of a nurse and a patient. The nurses admit that no educational process is in place in most cases. Lack of time and lack of interest among patients are important factors affecting this process from their point of view. The research among the respondents has shown that no education was provided in most of the cases. There was another finding that nurses show competence in nonpharmacological treatment for hypertension, which they only pass to their patient insufficiently or not at all. Patients assess the educational process as insufficient. Most of the patients think that a doctor should provide information on nonpharmacological treatment. A nurse should repeat and extend the information according to the patients. The respondents thus did not expect a nurse to provide them with information within the diagnostic. Some patient see the reason in the time limited contact with a nurse. We are thus convinced that reduction of the number of patients per a nurse at a cardiology department is one of the possible solutions. As for general practitioners reduction of the number of patients per a physician and thus per a nurse would be appropriate. This solution is not feasible nowadays when there is lack of qualified healthcare staff in the CR. Lack of time is one of the substantial factors affecting an effective educational process in our opinion. We believe that this thesis will contribute not only to the author's future career, but also to all the readers of the thesis. It also opens the space for a larger and more detailed research to the facts herein revealed.
Analysis of temporal retinal sequences
Nováková, Marie ; Odstrčilík, Jan (referee) ; Kolář, Radim (advisor)
This thesis deals with a method of the retinal image acquisition by fundus camera, their properties and evaluation of the retinal vessel diameter from acquired images. Several studies dealing with usage of retinal vessels diameters for hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and glaucoma are described. The second part of this thesis is focused on the extraction of the retinal blood-vessels pulsation from retinal sequences and the basic processing of extracted pulsation signals. The proposed method is described in details and tested on one dataset.
Apparatus for noninvasive blood pressure measurement
Komárek, Zbyněk ; Kolářová, Jana (referee) ; Chmelař, Milan (advisor)
Subjects my work will describe noninvasive method for blood pressure measuring and bring in their advantages and disadvantages. Individual method I'll weigh against in light of function, accuracy and reproducibility metering. Subject those work is also design detector of Korotkoff sounds.
Design of Blood Pressure Monitor
Běťáková, Vendula ; Řezníček, Svatopluk (referee) ; Fridrichová, Eva (advisor)
The goal of this bachelor thesis is a proposal design of blood pressure monitor, which should respect the functional requirements and conceptualize the technical and aesthetic aspects. The work includes a study of the current market situation and development of new technologies in the field. The proposal deals with an ergonomic design and issues.
A distress call owing to chest pains versus real diagnosis of a flying squad
JIŘINEC, Martin
This bachelor thesis is called: A distress call owing to chest pains versus real diagnosis of a flying squad. Thesis deals with possible causes of inception of chest pains and possibilities of their diagnosis. Theoretical part contains definitions of emergency medical services, differential diagnosis, ischemic heart disease and inflammatory heart diseases which cause chest pains. There are also described respiratory disease, cardiac arrhythmia and other possible causes of inception of chest pains, hypertension, hypoventilation, swoon. There are provided descriptions of cause, symptoms and prehospital emergency care of every mentioned disease. There was conducted a qualitative research and was presented in practical part of this bachelor thesis. Collection of data was based on technique of analysis of secondary data (archived recordings of distress call, departure records) as well as on the method of specific selection. The research sample consisted of case studies of distress calls owing to chest pains and of departure records used at emergency medical service of South Bohemia region. On the account of the quantity ofthe distress calls owing to chest pains wereto this research chosen and compared, after supervisor's advice, only the distress calls owing to chest pains from the months of July and December 2014. The aim of this thesis was to find out the most frequent cause of chest pains. Mapping was done enumeration of specific diagnoses and inserting tables. The research question was: ,,What are the most frequent chest pains?"On the grounds of the quantity of the distress calls owing to chest pains, were to this research chosen, after supervisor's advice, only the distress calls owing to chest pains from the months of July and December 2014. These months were chosen because they both are climaxes of summer/winter periods. The most frequent diagnosis in December 2014 was chest pains NS. There were 145 cases of this diagnosis in December. This diagnosis was the most frequent one in July as well. There were 108 cases of it in July. These facts can be clearly seen in table 1 and 2 which contain diagnosis based on symptom of chest pains. From data, which were collected and analyzed in the practical part, itis obvious, that distress call owing to chest pains can be caused by various conditions. Diagnosis of flying squad showed that chest pains can be caused by cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, backache, arm fracture, etc. However, flying squad is not always able to diagnose the cause of chest pains. These cases are labeled as chest pain NS, other pains NS, etc.
Educational diagnoses of nursing staff and their practical use
NOVÁČKOVÁ, Klára
This bachelor thesis is focused on the use of educational nursing diagnoses. These often diagnoses often named health improving, educational or wellness are aimed to improve and strengthen health of individual or community and is tailored for the need of a client in question to improve in a certain area (1, 2). Although many nurses are interested in wellness diagnoses and use them, there is an ongoing contradiction regarding their real clinical usefulness (3). The aim of the research part of this thesis was to identify which educational nursing diagnoses are most often used at internal medicine wards for patients medically diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes mellitus or hypertension. Two research questions were posed: Which educational nursing diagnoses are most often used for patients with medically diagnosed Type 2 diabetes mellitus? Second question: Which educational nursing diagnoses are most often used for patients with medically diagnosed hypertension? Qualitative form of research was chosen using the method of secondary data analysis. In this case this involved studying nursing documentation of patients with diagnosed Type 2 diabetes mellitus or hypertension. Studied data was transcribed into answer sheets (see Appendix 1), consequently analysed by coding method and divided into the following categories: Written report on education, Educational diagnosis designation of the problem, Educational plan, Progress of education, Evaluation of education. Studied research group consisted of ten nursing documentation files that belonged to patients then hospitalised at internal medicine wards of hospital Nemocnice Písek a.s. Six clients were diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes mellitus, four with hypertension, with one patient suffering from both. This research showed that educational nursing diagnoses or designation of the patient's educational needs are used by the nurses working at the wards. Educational diagnoses were present in each of the studied files. All were concerned with insufficient knowledge about the illness. In the file containing medical diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes mellitus educational diagnoses were concerned with areas normally defined in literature as desirable for the patient. Similar results were found for patients with hypertension. Interestingly, educational diagnoses were often in discord with educational themes, probably due to education not being always recorded as performed. Further information on the reporting quality about the education was also found, where nurses often omit to report individual components of the educational plan, such as the aim, type or environment. Also, proper evaluation of the education by a nurse is often absent from the report and instead only a short note on the fact that education of the patient was conducted in a certain area is given. On the other hand, evaluation conducted by the client is often reported, although very curtly. Results of this research show that educational nursing diagnoses are in use for patients with both Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension, and are always targeted towards increased knowledge of the patient about the illness. Areas that the diagnoses focus at are in concordance with the medical diagnoses. Educational diagnoses that are concerned with other individually specific areas are also present in some of the education documentation files. With respect to the targeted diagnoses educational plan concerned with insufficient dexterity should also be used. The overall educational reporting is not flawless and its improvement is necessary. The output of this work therefore consists of a model of documentation reporting educational activity. (Appendix 3). This documentation model was evaluated by head nurse Zdeňka Matušicová as well-arranged and practical.
Eating habits of patients with metabolic syndrome
NOVÁČKOVÁ, Anna
Metabolic syndrome (syndrome X, Reaven's syndrome) is frequently occurring disease in Czech Republic. The diagnosis often detected only separated parts of metabolic syndrome which are usually not connected with complex of MS. Medical conditions co-occurred within this syndrome are following: elevated fasting plasma glucose (insulinoresistance), abdominal (central) obesity (women waistline > 88 cm, men waistline > 102 cm), elevated blood pressure, high serum triglycerides (> 1,7 mmol/l), and low high-density cholesterol (HDL) levels (women 1,25 mmol/l, men 1,0 mmol/l). The incidence of MS can be divided into the prevalence of MS itself (this correspond with 30%) and the prevalence of each individual part of MS which correspond with 80% population. The most frequently reasons of MS are so called environmental impacts as e.g. central obesity, insulinoresustance syndrome, fatty liver, systemic inflammation, intestinal alterations, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, foetal malnutrition, low basal energetic outcome, sleep apnoea syndrome, changes of gut flora, hyperglycaemia and cumulation of visceral fat. This bachelor´s work is concerned with eating habits, life style and other factors which could be reason of described metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study is evaluation of eating habits and life style of patients suffered from MS before syndrome outbreak, as well as participation of obesity in MS outbreak assessment. Two explorative questions were formulated on the basis of described goals: First research question: Did the MS patients follow principles of healthy eating before syndrome outbreak? Second research question: Does obesity have a significant effect on MS outbreak? Definition and characterization of MS in relation to diet is described in theoretical part of my work as well as explanation for reasons of MS outbreak, descriptions of each separated diseases of MS complex and their treatment. Metabolic syndrome in connection with obesity and its classification into each level is defined inthis part. Obesity treatment together with prevention and treatment of MS are suggested in terminal part of this section. In practical part of work, the results of own research are presented. This section is focused on: 5. evaluation of eating habits before MS outbreak; 6. obesity incidence in MS patients; 7. patient´s life style; 8. the presence of individual diseases participate in MS. Research part of my bachelor´s work is prepared with using of quantitative assessment, which was done by questionnaire investigation in southbohemian and westbohemian region. Research population consists of thirty gender-nonspecific and age various patients diagnosed as having MS. The research questions were focused on mapping of respondent´s eating habits, life style (smoking, movement activity, daily eating portions and breakfast regularity), previous and current illnesses as well as diseases of respondent´s relations. The aim of described investigation was evaluation of obesity, life style and diet participations in MS outbreak. The results did not prove observance of healthy eating principles in MS patients before and after syndrome outbreak, while most of respondents were overweight or obesity. It can be assumed that genetic predispositions play role in MS outbreak. Additionally, very interesting is detected occurrence of MS in many individuals younger then forty years old. The present work extended the knowledge about risk factors of MS outbreak together with eating habits, obesity and MS outbreak connections. When reasons of MS seem to be more clear, it is easier to establish new more effective prevention. On the basis of the results, it can be arranged diet suggestions useable as effective prevention of MS outbreak.
Hypertension as a cause of temporary disability and its disabiliting consequences
DVOŘÁKOVÁ, Olga
One of the most common diseases of the circulatory system is hypertension. Its high prevalence in the adult population represents a serious health but also a social problem. Untreated hypertension leads to serious organ complications which fundamentally affect the quality of life of the patient. However, before hypertension starts to be treated, prevention should precede. Preventive measures can be divided into primary and secondary. Among the primary preventive measures belong stop smoking, weight reduction, sufficient physical activity, salt reduction in food, reduction of alcohol intake. To the secondary prevention, early revelations of patients with already existing hypertension are added. Prevention would lower the cost of treatment for both, the patient and the state, especially in the case of complications of hypertension and hospitalization. The more effective the treatment is, and the sooner it is started, the emergence of complications are more delayed and prolongs the full phase of life. Acute worsening of hypertension or complications are a common cause of temporary inability to work. During a period of temporary inability to work state of health should improve and it should lead to its cure or stabilization, in order to be allowed to return to original employment. If there is no cure or stabilization of the state of health and this state lasts for at least one year, disability can be taken into consideration. In our concept of disability, it is perceived not only as a restriction of ability to work causing loss of earnings and the possibility of economic activities, but other aspects such as health, social, labor-legal are also often included. Until 31. 12. 2009 disability was divided into full and partial (full and partial disability pensions). From 1. 1. 2010, dividing into the full and partial disability was abandonned and it was replaced with the three degrees of disability (disability pension). The aim of my bachelor´s thesis was to determine what proportion of hypertension and its complications on temporary disability and long-term follow-up rate of decline in ability to work in 2007 - 2011. Two hypotheses were set. The first hypothesis - the number of cases of temporary inability to work due to hypertension and its complications has an increasing tendency and the second hypothesis ? the number of cases of assessed disability due to hypertension and its complications is increasing. In order to obtain the necessary information I used a quantitative research. Within this quantitative research, I chose the method of secondary and content analysis of data of documents relating to the assessment of the health status of citizens for social security purposes. The first basic group consisted of policyholders who were exposed to temporary inability to work in 2007 - 2011 in the district of České Budějovice. The second group consisted of people who were granted with disability in 2007 - 2011 in the district of České Budějovice. The selection of respondents was purpose-built according to diagnoses. After the analysis and comparison of data, the first hypothesis was not confirmed because the insured people having a temporary inability to work due to hypertension and its complications in 2007 - 2011 did not have an increasing tendency. Also, the second hypothesis was not confirmed by when I found out that the number of cases of assessed disability due to hypertension and its complications is not increasing. As the proposal of further procedure, it would be interesting to focus on age, sex, education and career of the insured people and also whether the reason for submitting a request for a disability pension is actually state of health of the applicant or their socio-economic situation.

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