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Composting in the Czech Republic
Glombová, Pavla ; Horák, Marek (referee) ; Hluštík, Petr (advisor)
The aim of bachelor thesis is a description of the issue related to biological disposing of degradable waste by composting. It is concerned by the most important valid laws in this field, by technologies of composting and by the facilities used to dispose these waste – by composting facilities. In the practical part there is a compiled database of composting facilities in the Czech Republic, sorted by the regions. Their basic data are included (operator, address, website, contact information, capacity, used technology, amount of compost production, its price and utilization, accepted waste, used machinery and equipment, the year of commissioning, intensification).
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Compost accelerator to composters and garden composts
HÁJEK, František
The purpose of this paper is to research and suggest good-quality compost accelerators that could be effectively used in the garden composts. The additive eliminates the shortage of the input pulverized grass matter which is being composted. This thesis also describes the features of the compost, the nature of the correct composting procedures, and the legal implications to the production of the composting process. This paper elaborates the efficiency of the compost accelerators that are available within the home market and abroad. An important component of my accelerator is magnesium from the Dolomites limestone distributed by the "HASIT" company which positively affects the process of humification. The experiment of compostation with this type of accelerator took place on the pulverized grass matter. In order to objectively assess the quality of the composts, the Sanhoff´s method of stating the cation exchange capacity was used. During this experiment, the cation exchange capacity increased by 22% in the sample where the accelerator has been used, as compared to the sample where only the composted grass matter was present. Based on the results gathered, it is feasible to conclude that the suggested accelerator does have a significant impact on the composting of the grass matter. Due to this fact, it is strongly recommended to conduct a further research on the composition of the compost accelerators.
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Production and quality of compost from the perspective of agrochemist and of processor of organic waste
BROUČKOVÁ, Vlasta
In the thesis explains the conceptual difference between primary and compost organic matter, compost and defined its organic matter and compost understanding the distinction in terms of farmers and processors in terms of organic waste. Then the development of composting and research results in recent years. The result of work revealed that the quality compost with plenty of humus substances and high ion exchange capacity can be produced while respecting the principles of real composting, but with a long fermentation time.
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The Technology of Ag-bag Composting and Vermicomposting.
MEJZLÍK, Petr
The bachelor thesis is focused on technology of ag-bag composting and on vermicomposting (the produce of biohumus by earthworms). The thesis in its content uses existing accessible knowledge of biowaste composting. In the opening the processed waste, progress and time demands of technologic composting process are specified. Further, the quality and use of resulting product are described. In the next part the proper technology for both composting methods is chosen. The comparison of economic demands of initial costs for both assessed composting technologies is embodied.
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Comparison for small mechanization used in composting
TŮMA, Jan
The aim is to create a comprehensive overview of mechanization used for composting and select appropriate criteria based on analysis for comparing different types of machines. By course of each operation of composting process were selected suitable means of mechanization for composting line. Thereinafter thesis defines the mechanization by load. In the thesis is realised research availability of small mechanization on the present market and based on analysis of the data was proposed criteria for comparing different types of machines. Final part of thesis includes simple example of project compilation of composting line for small compost-processing plant. The results of this thesis can assist during selection of small mechanization for small compost-processing plants, for example for municipal needs or primary sector (agriculture and forestry).
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Hodnocení vlastností rekultivačních materiálů z hlediska požadavků na ochranu půdy a vody
Sáňka, Milan
Práce by měla sloužit jako podklad pro návrh metodiky, případně technické normy pro hodnocení kvality rekultivačních materiálů a posouzení jejich možnosti a vhodnosti jejich využití pro rekultivace. Práce uvádí výklad legislativních opatření v ČR, které se týkají provádění rekultivací a vlastností rekultivačních materiálů. Dále jsou uvedeny přístupy k řešení problematiky v jiných zemích. Jsou charakterizovány hlavní skupiny používaných rekultivačních materiálů, od čisté zeminy získané při skrývkách až po materiály vyrobené speciálními postupy, především ze surovin odpadů. Důležitou roli zde hrají komposty. Hlavní náplní práce je návrh specifikace fyzikálních, chemických a biologických vlastností a parametrů materiálů vhodných k rekultivacím půdy a tvorbě krajiny postižené těžbou a jinou devastační činností. Při tom jsou zohledněny rekultivace zemědělské a nezemědělské. Práce obsahuje přehled literatury a přehled použitých domácích a zahraničních legislativních předpisů.
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Úroveň obsahu těžkých kovů v kompostech ve vztahu ke znečištění půdy a odstraněné biomasy z pražské veřejné zeleně
Výzkumný ústav okrasného zahradnictví, Průhonice ; Mikovcová, Ludmila ; Janová, Helena ; Černá, Hana ; Buňatová, Helena ; Suchara, Ivan ; Sucharová, Julie
Zpráva stručně informuje o úrovních znečištění vegetace městských vegetačních ploch a jejich půdních pokryvů, o režimu údržby ploch zeleně a o firmách, které smluvně zajišťují údržbu vegetačních ploch v jednotlivých městských obvodech Prahy. Jsou uvedeny výsledky měření koncentrací arzenu, kadmia, chromu, mědi, niklu, olova, vanadu a zinku, které byly zjištěny ve vzorcích ukládaného listí a v jejich produktech rozkladu na skládkách v různých částech Prahy. Výsledky ukázaly, že při současném způsobu likvidace odpadů z ploch pražské zeleně vznikají samovolným procesem rozkladu substráty, které v 90 % vyšetřovaných vzorků překračují povolené limity pro různé stupně jakosti kompostu. Je navrhováno, aby odpady z pražské zeleně byly ukládány na skládce nebo skládkách s řízenou technologií kompostování jednotlivých odpadů (surovin), s kontrolovanou kvalitou vznikajícího kompostu a užití produktu by mělo být regulováno dle norem.
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Evaluation of economic efficiency of the operation processing of biodegradable waste.
ŠIMSOVÁ, Štěpánka
Bachelor?s thesis dealt with the issue of composting of biodegradable waste. The aim was to evaluate the economy of Pacovská kompostárna operation (composting plant in Pacov) in comparison with similar plants. In general the whole composting process was monitored including the conditions for successful composting. Assessment of the permitting process and the composting operation was set in contemporary European and Czech legislative framework. The treatment of biodegradable waste in the system of these wastes management in Pacov was monitored especially with regard to economic data. Composting process and the following use of compost were evaluated in terms of current trends in the issue of composting, the compost modification and methods of use.
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Possibilities of using sludge of caustification from paper mills in Větřní
JAREŠOVÁ, Martina
Bachelor's thesis deals with the possibilities of using sludge of caustification from paper mills in Větřní. Literature research consists of an overview of the soil, its pollution, the processes that are associated with paper production and recovery operations, which in this action arise. The practical part is focused on monitoring the influence of toxicity of the caustification sludge on germination of white mustard, determining the maximum sorption capacity Conductivity by Sandhof, the determination of exchange pH, calcium oxide and calcium carbonate in sludge of caustification.
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