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Possibilities and importance of physiotherapy in diabetic polyneuropathy
ŠTÍCHOVÁ, Kateřina
This bachelor thesis focuses on issues in diabetic polyneuropathy. Diabetic polyneuropathy is one of the most frequent chronical complications in internal disease diabetes mellitus. The point is that the functions of peripheral nerves are being destroyed sensitive, motoric, even the autonomous ones. The destruction of these nerves is based on longstanding hyperglycaemia. Due to the variability of levels and localizations of afflictions, polyneuropathy is characterized by a huge amount of clinical symptoms pain, paraesthesia, amyosthenia, paresis etc. This disease is always very uncomfortable for a patient and it can be the cause of invalidity in the future. The main objective of the thesis is to bring fundamental theoretic information about diabetes mellitus and diabetic polyneuropathy and notify about possibilities of physiotherapy in therapy and prevention. To reach the research objective, I get some of physiotherapeutic methods to practice and then I evaluate the effectivity of therapy. First two chapters of the theoretical part describe diabetes mellitus and diabetic polyneuropathy in general. They contain a brief anatomy and basic information of these diseases. Chapter three comprises investigations that were used in diagnostics of the diabetic polyneuropathy. Fourth part informs about overall therapy and at the end the fifth is about possibilities of physiotherapy within a frame of polyneuropathy. In the experimental section of thesis, a qualitative form of research was chosen. It was performed by six patients, came from the Internal Practice of MUDr. Jitka Brádlerová, Aurora Spa, Třeboň. By the five of them, the diabetic polyneuropathy was actually diagnosed and by the last one it is in a phase of suspicion. Each of the patients' case report brings detailed anamnesis, kinesiology analyse, basic neurological examinations and two versions of the rehabilitation plan short and long-term one. There is subjective and objective evaluation of therapy's effectivity in the chapter seven, that is also annotated in discussion and conclusion of thesis. All the patients acknowledged an improvement in their status and that proclaims the therapy was selected properly. Bachelor theses can be useful as a comprehensive summary of information about diabetes mellitus and diabetic polyneuropathy, physiotherapeutic methods and their importance in the therapy of these diseases for physiotherapy students, physiotherapists, other medical staff even the laic public.
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Hippotherapy as a supporting therapy in patients with stroke
ČERVENÁ, Kateřina
This bachelor thesis deals with hippotherapy as supportive therapy of patients with stroke. Our starting platform is from the practical experience of therapists hippotherapy's centers Pirouette and available literature. The work is traditionally divided into theoretical and practical. The theoretical part provides an overview of current knowledge and is divided into two chapters, which dealing with the issue of stroke and hippotherapy. There are explained basic concepts necessary for insight into the problems of work. As part of subchapter about of stroke describing its dividing, the causes, consequences, and treatment. In hippotherapy I deal with the principles of hippotherapy effect and its impact to humans, both physically and mentally. In the research part describes the objectives of the work and the research itself. For the purposes of work I chose the design of qualitative research - a case study, which was carried out on three probands after a stroke. The probands were selected from the "Centre of hippotherapy Pirouette" Havlíčkův Brod, where it was from the end of September 2014 to mind January 2015 performed a practical application of hippotherapy under the expert guidance of a certified therapist. Data collection was conducted three complex processing of case studies using the technique of observation (kinesiology analysis of motor skills), secondary data analysis and interview with probands. The aim of this thesis is to map the effect of hippotherapy for patients with stroke and the develop specific hippotherapy's procedures in these patients. The purpose why the work was created, is an effort to improve awareness about hippotherapy as supporting methods for patients after stroke and objectification many years of practical experience hippotherapy's center "Pirouette". The outputs of this work can also be further utilized as educational material for students of physiotherapy and hipoterapeuty alone or as a basis for further research in this area.
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Issue of the lower extremity deformities occurrence among preschool children with handicap
BENEŠOVÁ, Gabriela
This thesis deals with deformities of the lower limbs in children with physical disability. Theoretical part of this thesis deals with various issues of disability of lower limbs and their impact on human health. Comprehensively introduce the development of lower limbs, walking significance for the organism and diseases that affect the quality of the legs and their health. Furthermore this thesis deals with the importance of foot and arches of the foot which is also connected to the possibility of influencing walk and body using assistive technologies such as insoles or shoes itself. The practical part of thesis is built using case studies involving four patients. The research was conducted in rehabilitation center Arpida in České Budějovice carried out between November 2014 and March 2015 in children aged 4 to 6 lets disabilities manifested to some extent in the lower limbs. The probands I met once every week ranging from 30 40 minutes. Some part of the research was examine patients, taking medical history and therapies based on this solution. Part of a training unit was to develop movements abilities of children and improve movements stereotype mitigation or eliminate the problems associated with the disease, I used techniques Vojta reflex locomotion, practicing balance and proper walking stereotype, soft and mobilization techniques in the legs and the facilitation of the slab. In the work itself I focused on children with disabilities and their lower limbs. I chose to research using four casuistry, which include anamnesis data and determinate input and output tests and describe therapy, which was carried out with patients. In these examinations were surveyed overall objective investigation, aspection, palpation, inspection walk and motor skills as well as testing on Podoskop and elucidation of locomotion stage by professor Vojta. The result of the practical should be explore how they can be therapeutically affected by lower limb deformities in preschool children with disabilities through appropriate exercises and using appropriate assistive devices. The second objective was to design and create a training unit to improve patient complains. The results confirm that at least to a small degree was given by the subject achieved a positive effect of therapy in relatively short time. These thesis can be used for physiotherapy students dealing with this issue or as an educational component for parents of children who have a similar problem. It can also become an inspiration for parents or therapists in the treatment of specific diagnoses concerning the issue of the lower limbs, but also a holistic view on patient.
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A Combined handicapped children´s parents´ opinions about the level of current care for these children
PŘIBYLOVÁ, Markéta
This thesis deals with the views of parents of children with multiple disabilities for current care and assistance from the state. In the theoretical part of the description of the types of multiple disability, we will pay the education of children with disabilities, comprehensive rehabilitation, allowances for handicapped, and foundations that help financial means living with disabilities easier. In the practical part, through a questionnaire survey, we will try to describe the views of parents on assistance from the state, and how satisfied they are with the education of their children with disabilities.
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Carpal tunnel syndrome - therapy options by influencing neurophysiology motion from the root joint
ŠUBERT, Daniel
The carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common nerve compression syndrome of the upper limb. CTS is caused by repeated and long-term owerloading specific muscles group with successive compression of medianus nerve located in the wrist area also known as carpal tunnel. The lower part consists of 8 wrist bones covered by ligamentum transversum carpi. The tunnel makes a passage for other structures such as vessels and tendons, all of which being swelled can cause the CTS. CTS is more prevalent among females than among males with ratio 4 to 1. The number of patients suffering from the syndrome is growing higher even with advanced medical science and improved care for patients (Bitnar aj., 2009; Ehler, 2005; Mlčoch, 2008). CTS can affect anyone and the chance to suffer from this condition is around 10% for each individual (Mrzena 2006). The world wide patients' number increase is 0.1% (Katna 2006) and the net prevalence among population is within 2.7 - 3% (Mlčoch, 2008). In the USA, around 260,000 patients indicated with the CTS are operated. The compression of the nerve causes increasing pain and paresthesia. The first symptoms are recorded during night usually passing away with stroking of the hand and hand exercises. During later stages of CTS, the patients suffer from the pain even during day. After being examined by a neurologist, the patients are recommended to undergo a chirurgical treatment which is based on cutting of the ligamentum transversum carpi. The good recovery is ensured by immediate rehabilitation. One year after the chirurgical treatment, the patients are expected to regain full hand abilities. Contrary to the expectations, one patient out of four is not able to regain these abilities. A question arises, are the contemporary exercises of limbs upper acra, which are mainly used for rehabilitation of the patients, effective enough? Is it possible to incorporate these exercises into more complex recovery, implement knowledge of the science of neurophysiology and focus the exercises on the root joint to develop more effective recovery? This thesis integrates theory and empirical findings related with the CTS. The general literature part is focused on relevant anatomy, kinesiology, functional ontogenetic of the upper limb, ways to diagnose and therapy of CTS. The experimental sections of the thesis intents to develop and apply recovery treatment concentrated on the neurophysiology of managing movements from root joint and incorporate these treatments into the standard CTS recovery exercises. Furthermore, a short after CTS operation recovery program will be created and conducted. A set of exercises was developed to activation and strengthening of the glenohumeral joint so the effects would be made means of reflexes path to the acrum and also to the more distant stages of stabilizing system. Developed exercises were applied on two probands diagnosed with CTS. Probands participated on six sessions, during which they were treated with manual therapy of the wrist area and hand. Moreover, probands were informed and instructed how to conduct specific exercises of the glenohumeral joint. Afterwards, set of exercises were performed by probands at least once a week with duration of five to ten minutes. A part longer sessions, were devoted to supervision and correction of exercise program to increase effectively of the treatment. The kinesiological analysis was performed on the probands in the beginning and also in the end. The visual analog scale was utilized as subjective evaluation of therapy effectives. Objective evaluation was measured by staple test, goniometric test and grab test by Novak. The both of probands were fully recovered. Disappearance of the pain and improvement of general motion ability by operated limb were observed. Based on subjective as well objective test, the success of the therapy was proven.
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Stroke, its Impact on Individua Person and his Family
HAVLÍČKOVÁ, Silvie
The focus of this bachelor work is to stroke, its impact on individuals and families. This topic is relevant. CMP is one of the most common causes of death and disability in the Czech Republic and worldwide. CMP is not a matter only of the individual but also his entire family. The theoretical part of the thesis is divided into nine basic categories. The first circuit characterizes and divides the typology, describes the symptoms and examination methods CMP. In the second circuit we learn how to recognize stroke and first aid in the development of stroke. Third circuit includes the risk factors that may be controllable and uncontrollable. The following ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke (here are described the types CMP). Other circuits are CMP impacts (impacts are fundamentally different, so it is important to their description), family and CMP (important is family involvement in care and the impacts associated with the position of careers), rehabilitation after stroke (focusing more resources on social rehabilitation) and forms social assistance (which are the most common forms of assistance). The aim of this thesis is to determine as stroke affected social interaction in the family. A partial goal is to find out what are the possibilities of social assistance. Depending on the objectives set by the two research questions. The main research question is: How have social interaction within the family changed after a stroke? Partial research task asks how welfare assistance was realized in the family. Qualitative research was chosen in the thesis. When data collection method was used interviews and semi-structured interview technique. The sample consisted of 5 respondents who had stroke and his family was willing to cooperate in collecting data. Respondents were selected target (intentional) choice. When evaluating the quality of the data was carried out by cluster. The results are organized into two blocks. The first section concerns subjective opinion of an individual to experience a stroke. Results are for greater clarity divided into circuits. The first circuit includes demographic data of respondents and their lifestyle before going through the CMP. The following circuit shows the risk factors that influence the emergence of a stroke. Other circuits have dealt with CMP and its impacts, the use of components of comprehensive rehabilitation, assistance from family, communications, public relations, social impacts and the situation at present. The second part deals with the subjective opinions of family members on the situation of the family after suffering stroke. Circuits with family members are divided on adoption diseases affected; the financial decline in the family, careers isolation from society and family, whether they were given the necessary information about the CMP. The research implies that the respondents' lack of awareness of the consequences of risk factors that may be the cause of stroke. None of the clients did not know about the causes (risk factors) CMP. Only in case of two clients there was a consensus that they knew about the mortality associated with going through the CMP. Other respondents did not know that their lifestyle and some diseases lead to stroke. The research showed that 4 clients do not know about the use of social services for the issue, but also showed that 3 family members and some respondents were given the necessary information from the staff of many medical and social institutions. All respondents used at least two components of comprehensive rehabilitation. In addition, respondents agreed that assistance from family was very good. Intended use of the acquired knowledge of the thesis will be to utilize as resource for individuals and families after stroke and also for professional and the general public.
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Nursing Care of Klients with Fractured Distal Femur
VOPÁLKOVÁ, Milena
The name of this Bachelors thesis is "Nursery Care of Patients with Fractured Distal Femur". With view to the lengthening of the populations age, increasing popularity of adrenalin sports and development of traffic we can expect an increasing number of this serious type of injury, and therefore it is time to address the issues of nursery care of the clients with this type of fracture. Fracture of the distal part of femur often happens suddenly and unexpectedly and the client has to deal with a health problem, which brings about a lot of changes as regards his/her health, psychic and social situation. The purpose of this thesis is to map the nursing specifics and nursing problems experienced by clients with a fractured distal femur from the nurses point of view. Through an analysis of a research survey we will summarize the thesis outcomes and determine the specifics of possible complications under the nursery care of such clients. Hence, the thesis contains two fundamental parts: theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part deals with the historical development of nursing and care provided as regards these fractures, the anatomy of lower limbs and causes of such fractures. It also addresses the basic classification of such fractures, principles of an osteosynthesis therapy, education, nursing and rehabilitation care. The empirical part includes a research survey with two predetermined goals mapping the specifics and complications within the nursing care of clients with a distal femur fracture. With view to the fact that various specifics and complications within the nursing care in the period before and after surgery were ascertained, they were categorized as pre-surgery and post-surgery specifics and complications. The research survey found out that one specific is differing pre-surgery nursing care of the clients with a fractured distal femur, mainly provided that stabilisation of the fractured part is executed by means of a skeletal traction or a patch traction or through a knee brace. The ascertained nursing complications are related to such immobilization interventions. According to the interviewed nurses the nursing procedure is even more diverse, mainly as regards the injured clients mobility and the nursing care. Other specifics of the nursing care are monitoring of locomotion and sensitivity of the traumatized lower limb, antidecubitus care, aself-care deficit and a possible risk of the lever action impact on the distal femur when moving on the bed. Specifics of the post-surgery nursing care regarding clients with a knee brace are: monitoring of locomotion and sensitiveness of the lower limb, correct manipulation with the knee brace, care of the locomotion, a risk of the lever action impact on the osteosynthesis area mainly when the client is sitting on the bed with lowered limbs or doing exercise on the motor splint. Nursing complications ascertained during the post-surgery period are mainly an oedema and a haematoma of the surgical wound place, urine and faeces emptying disorders, inadequate relief of acute pain, decubites under the knee brace or on the heels, long-term deficit of the clients self-care due to the traumatic consequences and other possible complications as described in this thesis. Outcomes of this thesis are two simple mind maps, which are a part of this thesis. The first mind map shows the nursing care specifics as regards a client with a fractured distal femur and the second describes the most frequent complications and interventions of a nurse within the nursing care as regards a client with a fractured distal femur. The outcomes of this thesis can serve as an information material for traumatology unit nurses and also for nurses working in other complements.
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Prevention and rehabilition of ankle sprains by basketball players
KRAMLOVÁ, Kateřina
The submitted Bachelor Thesis elaborates the issue of prevention and physiotherapy of distortion of the talocrural (ankle) joint of basketball players. The work focuses on two main objectives in order to find out which of the fixation aids is more efficient in preveting distortion of talocrural (ankle) joint and compiles a schedule and physioterapeutic programme for sportsmen ? basketball players suffering from the distortion of the talocrural (ankle) joint. Methods of qualitative research including observation techniques, kinesiological examination and semi-standardized interview were applied in this research, following the secondary analysis of acquired data. The results are processed in a form of casuistries on a basis of which individual physiotherapeutic plans for the tested persons were elaborated. Therapy for renewing the function of lower limbs took place according to the aforesaid plans. At the end of the physiotherapy, by means of an output examination of the monitored persons, it was identified that the extent of movement in the joint was improved, their muscular strength increased and muscular imbalance was removed. The Bachelor Thesis might become a quide for basketball players giving them necessary instructions about what to do in order to improve the stability of talocrural (ankle) joint during physical stress in the course of training or a match, what fixation aids they should use and how they should strengthen their muscles of lower limbs for prevention of problems. This work may also be at the service of future and current physiotherapists in practice and a source of training for the non-professional public.
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The issue of visually - handicapped people and their independent movement outside ( the mapping of the route in České Budějovice: the housing estate Máj -
JANOUŠKOVÁ, Jana
Bachelor thesis informs us about the problems of independent movement outside the visually impaired and analyzes the conditions for their safe movement. It introduces the division of visual defects, characteristic of visual impairment and its influence on the spatial orientation and also about the possibilities special-pedagogical education as a process of rehabilitation for people with vision loss. The work assesses the conditions of safe movement on existing roads and means of orientation in the exterior, further complicating what kind of obstacles visually impaired individuals to move and what type of technical aids which is made possible by their orientation in space. The findings will be further used for practicing safe and independent movement, as well as for route planning in a public benefit corporation Tyflokabinet in České Budějovice.
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