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Molecular cytogenetic analysis of marker chromosomes and related abnormalities
Semanko, Adam ; Kočárek, Eduard (advisor) ; Holá, Dana (referee)
The primary focus of this diploma thesis is on marker chromosomes and phenotypically similar human karyotype polymorphisms, variants of short acrocentric arms in particular. The first half provides a very useful review of literature concerning different aspects of both sSMC and human polymorphisms such as their origin, inheritance, associated phenotype, formation and molecular cytogenetic methods that are applied in the process of identification of these aberrations. The methodical emphasis is on FISH and its modifications (e.g. M-FISH, acro M FISH, cen M-FISH) as well as on the CGH methods. The main objective was to test the above-mentioned methods and state their limitations and applications. Thus, in the other half we provide evaluations of commonly used methods and introduce new strategies that could be implemented to make the identification of these additional chromosomes or satellite translocations more effective. All the conclusions are based on the analysis of 7 patients with sSMC and 4 patients with variants involving acrocentric NOR regions. The results of our thorough research into their karyotypes have been compared with similar findings in the literature. Last but not least, we tried to establish a link between observed abnormalities and the type of a chromosomal aberration at hand.
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The issue of infertility in the Czech Republic: an analysis of the success of assisted reproduction
Plačková, Veronika ; Lešetický, Ondřej (advisor) ; Kandilaki, Daniela (referee)
The subject of my thesis is to analyze the evolution of the reproductive behavior of the Czech population to assess changes over time, especially after 1989 and to analyze the success of assisted reproduction in the Czech Republic in the period 2007 to 2013. It is divided into several parts. The first theoretical part describes the change in reproductive behavior after 1989, risk factors and causes of female and male infertility, possible tratments of diagnosed infertility and various methods of assisted reproduction. Another analytical part is dedicated to the evolution of fertility and the phenomenon of childlessness of young women. Some indicators are compared with selected European countries for an overall assessment. Subsequently are analyzed in detail the most widely used methods of assisted reproduction IVF, ICSI and kryoembryotransfer and of using indicators Pregnancy rate and Take-home baby rate is assessed their effectiveness. The thesis is supplemented by own research reproductive and family behavior on a selected sample of the Czech population.
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Women in the middle age and in the age of the late adulthood, who were not successful in the effort to have a child.
NEVORALOVÁ, Edita
Bachelor´s work deals with women who are in the age of 38 years old and more who have not got any children nevertheless they always wanted to have some children during their life but they posponed their decision to found the family until the middle age of their life. Some of them have still desire to have their own children and the others are gradually coming to terms with the fact that they will be probably childless. My work will be focused on their life circumstances which did not allow them to found the family. My work will be targeting to founding out some women´s attitudes to parenthood. Then I will also try to describe the demanding situation of the women, who are coming to term with the fact that they will not have a child. The work is divided into the theoratical and practical part. The theoretical part is about the psyche of the women link between some disordres of the infertility, then it is focused on responsible planning of the parenthood, on motivation of parenthood, on the problem of the induced abortion and it is also focused on the possibillity of the arteficial fertilization and adoption. Finally this part is dealing about the change of the life in the family which is in the narrow connection with the phenomenon of singles. After that I will mention the life of women without any children. Practical part is dedicated to qualitative research which is founded on five halfstructured interviewes with the women who are in the age of 38 years old and more who are childless. Then I will use the psychodiagnostic test as a projectative method of research-Chromatic associational experiment from Doc. PhDr. Vadima Ščepichina CSc. My research´s aim is to catch the difficult and demanding situation of the women, who were not succesfull in their effort to be pregnant. The other aim is to found out the causes which lead the women to postpone their decision to found the family until the middle age of their life. What factors influence women to become a parent. Then I would try to find out the role of the stress in the process of the conception and how the women are coping with possible failure to be pregnant.
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Ethical aspects of responsible parenthood
SMRČKOVÁ, Leona
The diploma thesis deals with the change of the family in today's society, its roles, and the ways of cohabitation which replace the family. It evaluates the significance of marriage and parenthood for children and for their future lives. It describes the difficulties related to responsible parenthood and the role of parents during their children's adolescence. It evaluates the mentioned issues from the point of view of Christian ethics. It also touches on the problems of the current society in terms of infertility and assisted reproduction as well as ethical issued connected with them.
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Ethical aspects of assisted reproduction
STAŇKOVÁ, Eliška
The dissertation follows up metods of assisted reproduction and its ethical aspects that are described with their particular metods of assisted reproduction. It summarizes opinions of supporters, such as doctors, but also opinions of respondents such as ethicists or theologian. Dissertation is mostly focused on moral status of embryo and their superfluous creations. It warns us to be aware that assisted reproduction can leads to violation of human dignity but also let us learn ways of assisted reproduction which are considerate to embryos and which do not jeopardize human dignity. It describes problems of legislation in Czech Republic but also in Germany and Great Britain. One part is also dedicated to opinions of catholic Church. Last chapter describes involuntary childlessness.
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The problem of fertility in the Czech Republic
Musilová, Michaela ; Jankůj, Miroslav (advisor) ; Střítecký, Rudolf (referee)
This thesis deals with the problem of childlessness, fertility and infertility. The aim of this study was to trace the reproductive behavior and changes that have occurred over time. The current situation in the Czech Republic, I relied on demographic statistics of the Czech Statistical Office. For comparison, the Czech Republic and other European countries I used data obtained from Eurostat. Own research I carried out a questionnaire on the website Vyplňto.cz.
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Male response to infertility by glance of female
KLEMENTOVÁ, Zuzana
This bachelor thesis, titled "Male Reactions to Infertility from Female Perspective", focuses on couples who have long been trying to conceive a child and on the way men react or express their opinions on the issue of infertility. The theoretical part is based on expert sources and explains the concepts that relate to this issue. A qualitative research strategy was selected for the practical part. The method of a snowball was used to select the research group. The research group consisted of women who have long been trying, or are trying, to conceive a child with their partners. The women were aged 25-50 years and of various education levels. The total number of the respondents was five. The method of interviews - semi-structured interviews - was used for data collection. Each of the interviews lasted 45 to 60 minutes on average and it was recorded on a recording device with the respondents´ consent. The main objective of the thesis was to describe, using women´s interpretations, their partners´ reactions to having trouble with getting pregnant and the solutions to this situation. To meet the above objective, two research questions were formulated: How do women interpret their partners´ reactions to infertility since the findings till resolving the situation? What man´s reactions would women consider adequate for the situation? Data was processed using a qualitative content analysis. The results obtained showed that men are quite often able and willing to communicate with their partners. These pairs demonstrated that men share the problem with their partners and are able support them. In this respect, it seems that men are mentally tougher and stronger than women. In two cases, it was found that men did not communicate with their partners because they were not accustomed to talk about problems. These two men also did not support their partners. However, the women expected these reactions. If the couples solved the problems of failed pregnancy repeatedly, their communication was problematic at first but there were improvements over time. The thesis reflects the issue that hotly debated currently as it is difficult nowadays to decide when to have a child. Male infertility is rather an issue of the recent decades; before it was automatically assumed that the fault is on the side of women. This thesis captures, through women´s interpretations, the reactions of partners to the problem of infertility. The results of this thesis could be used as informative material for professionals who encounter this group of patients because general ideas are still burdened with a lot of myths (e.g. men do not attend medical examination, couples divorce, etc.) They could also serve as support for men who have difficulties expressing their emotions and views on the infertility issue.
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The Benefits of Healthy Lifestyle As an Integral Part of Male and Female Infertility Prevention.
ŠIKLOVÁ, Helena
The key points of the bachelor thesis comprise the characteristics and problems connected with fertility disorders; its psychological factors, risk factors negatively influencing the fertility, causes of infertility disorders and male fertility disorders. The further points of the thesis elaborate on the possibility of developing these disorders and so stress the ongoing prevention since early age. The possibili ties of therapy and its complex approach are discussed. The main goal of the thesis is the analysis of possible therapy options and possible prevention conducted at the level of individual couples with fertility disorders. There are eight case examples of the couples who undergone the nine-month intervention program since May 2012 to January 2013. Structured interview methods (Švařílek, Šeďová,2007,s.28), method of observing and professor Lewit's kinesiology methods were used as an adequate solution that effectively uses the number of treated patients and help to achieve the objectives set at the beginning. The methods correspond to qualitative approach (DISMAN, 2000,s.52) and their utilization positively influenced the life expectancy value orientation of the couples, their life quality and overall health condition.
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Mothers for Sale: Advantages and Disadvantages of Paid Surrogacy
Peštová, Marie ; Chalupníček, Pavel (advisor) ; Houdek, Petr (referee)
The work focuses on the issues of the market solving the human organ shortage. The market solution faces the same criticism as the commercial surrogacy. The main purpose of the work is to evaluate the commercial surrogacy system efficiency. Within the solution of this question, the work focuses first on the analysis of the arguments against a market in human organs and consequently theise objections applies to the surrogate motherhood with emphasis on the problem of adverse selection, which from an economic point of view appears to be the most serious. In the applied part the paper tests the existence of the signs of the adverse selection in the countries where payment for the surrogacy is legal. The paper leads to the conclusions, despite some specifics of the market, this solution is efficient and the market itself creates sufficient mechanisms to prevent adverse selection
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