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Porovnání vlivu aplikace biologického odpadu ze zpracování Jatropha curcas L. a kompostu na vybrané půdní ukazatele a pěstovanou rostlinu
Foltýnová, Anna
This Master's thesis is focused on problems of modern agriculture. Current agriculture is facing many problems that already exceed the production area. Among these belong soil degradation caused by inappropriate agricultural practices, erosion phenomena, etc. Both developed and developing countries have experienced these problems. This soil degradation is mainly caused due to lack of soil organic matter content. Current agriculture therefore faces the issue of how to solve this problem. A simple solution is based on increasing the content of the soil organic matter in arable land. In the first part, this thesis describes various problems of modern agriculture and also suggests possible solutions. Regarding to content of soil organic matter, the thesis proposes solutions in the form of compost application into the soil. Besides compost, thesis presents an alternative organic fertilizer Jatropha seed cake. Jatropha seed cake is produced as waste after oil extraction from seeds of Jatropha curcas L. In the first part both of these substrates are further described, along with characterization of Jatropha curcas L. The aim of this thesis was to compare the fertilizing effects of Jatropha seed cake with compost. For this purpose, a pot experiment was conducted under controlled laboratory conditions. Application effect of Jatropha seed cake and compost on soil and plants was monitored at selected soil indicators. The results describe the impact of Jatropha seed cake and compost application on production of plant biomass, soil hydrophobicity rate, mineral nitrogen mobility and soil microbial activity.
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Možnosti využití kompostu při rekultivacích ploch kontaminovanými těžkými kovy
Kubná, Daniela
This diploma thesis deals with the effect of compost on heavy metal (Cd, Pb, Zn) contaminated soil. There are theoretically discussed contaminations, their sources and their impact as well as remediation possibilities. Work validates the assumption that compost has a positive effect on mobility reduction of heavy metals and their bioavailability. Verification is performed by the pot experiment, where the indicator plant lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) has been grown on differently contaminated soils. When the experiment was finished, the lettuce biomass and soils were analysed. Detected concentrations of heavy metals have confirmed a positive effect on Cd and Pb immobilization. The immobilization of zinc was not affected by compost.
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Kompostování jako způsob nakládání s biologicky rozložitelnými odpady
Šváb, Ondřej
The topic of my Bachelor's work is Composting as a way of handling with biologically decomposable waste. This work deals with the ways of clearing away biologically decomposable waste, in details it describes the method of aerobic decomposing, in other words composting. Further it depicts the principle and process of composting, rules and difficulty of this technology. The result of the work is description of processing biologically decomposable waste in town Blansko. After comes the description of the technology and facilities of the composting plant, which composts in a hall in aerobic gutters.
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Hodnocení rozkladu různých typů rozložitelných plastů v laboratorních podmínkách kompostování
Dostálová, Dagmar
This Master's thesis deals with a topic "Evaluation of various types of degradable plastics degradation in the laboratory conditions of composting". First part is devoted to the description of biodegradable plastics, its use and criteria relating to biopolymerms. There is also described the process of composting and composting technology possiblities. The main part of this work carries out an experiment according to standardized methodology, which deals with the degradability of the materials in laboratory conditions. These materials are commonly available on the Czech and Polish markets. At the end of the work there are discussed results in comparation with the results of other similar experiments.
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Analýza biodegradability plastových materiálů v laboratorních a reálných podmínkách kompostování
Zloch, Jan
This thesis is focused on biodegradable or compostable plastics. Focuses on their pro-perties and uses. The work also clarifies the concept of biodegradable and compostable plastic. The work also describes the process of composting and concepts associated with it. Finally, there are several chapters devoted to the normative environment that relates to biodegradable plastics in the thesis. There are connected researches concerning the verification of the degree of degra-dation of plastics known as compostable, biodegradable and 100% compostable, in the last few chapters. There were conducted simultaneously two experiments of disintegration selected samples of biodegradable plastics. The tests of disintegration in the laboratory and in real conditions of composting were founded in March 2014 for a period of three months. There was founded a phytotoxicity test after the expiry of the time allotted in the laboratory. In a real conditions the study time was increased to 12 months. After evaluating and comparing the results of both tests disintegration may be allowed the use of biodegradable plastics in composting under controlled condi-tions. Conversely, in real conditions of home composting these plastics can not be re-commended, does not decompose.
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Ověření vlivu kompostů ze zbytkové biomasy na úpravu fyzikálních a hydrofyzikálních vlastností deficitních půd
Roy, Amitava
The aim of this study was to determine and validate the impact of residual biomass compost to modify the physical and hydro-physical properties of a deficient soils. Set of experiments was carried out to achieve the following sub-objectives: - Monitoring the impact of compost on selected physical properties deficient soils. - Evaluation of the dynamics of change of density after incorporation of higher doses of compost. - Assess the impact of different doses of compost incorporation on infiltration, soil structure and penetrometer resistance at two different sites. - Monitoring the retention capacity of soils with different doses of compost applied. Experimental work was carried out in the form of small plot, nádobových a pilot experiments.
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Quality control of biodegradable waste process
Krbalová, Maria ; Fiala, Alois (referee) ; Koška, Petr (advisor)
The waste production and especially biodegradable waste is following mankind since the beginning of his existence. This thesis deals with a description and dividing of current available waste process technologies, including description of their advantages and disadvantages. The work is also focused on the more detailed description of the composting technology, its control and opportunities to influence on resulting parameters of compost product. The information about technical description of workplace equipments, including industrial and technological processes was provided by the company VIA ALTA from their compost plant in Blansko.
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Influence of compost application on properties of soil humic substances
Enev, Vojtěch ; Pospíšilová, Ľubica (referee) ; Klučáková, Martina (advisor)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to study to the influence of compost addition to soil humic substances extracted from blackland luvicsol. Humic substances extracted from soil and from compost were characterized by titration with potentiometrical and conductival indication, UV-VIS, FT-IR and 3D EEM fluorescential spectroscopy. Compost in amount of 124, 239 and 478 t/ha was applicated and manured into dept of 150 mm at blackland luvicsol. The main aim of thesis was the appraisal of compost influence into fluorescent attributes of soil HS and localization of fluorescent peaks at excitation emission spectrums. Next part of diploma thesis was focused on the study of spectroscopic attributes of soil HS and compost by UV-VIS and infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transformation. Humic substances were characterized by humifical index E4/E6 and transmissional vibratile spectrums. The last aim of diploma thesis were the characterization of soil HS extracts and compost by acidimetral titration. For each sample was calculated value of H+ ionts amount of substance from measured titrational curves.
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The study of enzyme activities in compost
Pernicová, Iva ; doc.Mgr.Pavlína Pelcová, Ph.D. (referee) ; Voběrková, Stanislava (advisor)
This thesis deals with the determination of enzyme activities in compost for consideration their changes during the composting. The changes in the activity of particular enzymes serve as the indicators of the activity of microorganisms, which are found in the compost. In the practical part of the work the changes in activity of proteases, cellulases, lipases, dehydrogenases and ureases within 21 days of composting under laboratory conditions were determined. The change in pH was observed as well. The changes in the pH-values and all enzyme activities except ureases present in the first week the same trend associated with the use of available substrates. The changes in the activities of the key enzymes in compost under laboratory conditions were compared with the changes in activities in compost under real conditions, which is the indicator of the different composting process under the given circumstances.
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Composting of sewage sludge of small producers
Pumprlová Němcová, Miroslava ; Hynánková,, Eva (referee) ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (advisor)
This thesis deals with the composting of sewage sludge and wetland plants biomass wasted from treatment wetlands. The introductory part of this thesis is the literature research of technical information from authors who deal with the topic of sewage sludge and composting. The introductory part provides basic information about the issue compost and composting. The theoretical part of this thesis is followed by the practical part. The practical part is divided into two research projects. The first one is focuses on methodology of building compost from waste materials such as sewage sludge and wetland plants biomass. The second one deals with the testing and usability soil moisture sensors mostly used to monitoring of the compost humidity. The research work is focused on soil moisture sensors calibration. The measurement results will be statistically analyzed and used for further work with soil sensors of compost. Results of the work can serve materials for operators and owners of treatment wetlands. This solution would lead to a significant reduction of operating costs when is considered sludge management.
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